What Is ICH GCP Certification 2024

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What Is ICH GCP Certification?

ICH, which stands for the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, is a pivotal global organization shaping the landscape of clinical trials in 2024. Responsible for setting stringent standards, ICH ensures that clinical trials involving human subjects adhere to rigorous regulatory frameworks.

In essence, ICH oversees the implementation of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines, ensuring that the planning, execution, and documentation of clinical trials are conducted ethically and with scientific integrity at every phase of the research process.

For those seeking to enhance their understanding of ICH GCP guidelines, there's an opportunity to access free online training, providing invaluable insights into the intricacies of conducting ethical and scientifically sound clinical trials in 2024.

You can demo ich gcp training free online here.

What is the purpose of GCP Certification? 

In 2024, GCP Certification, short for Good Clinical Practice Certification, serves as a crucial acknowledgment of an individual's proficiency and expertise in implementing regulatory guidelines across all facets of their work.

Why is it significant?

In the realm of clinical research, possessing GCP certification is indispensable for success. It's not just a matter of preference; it's a necessity. Any organization involved in clinical research endeavors must ensure that their personnel comprehensively grasp the ICH guidelines and are certified to conduct scientific studies accordingly. In fact, many companies provide certification programs for their employees even before they commence their duties. This underscores the paramount importance of GCP certification in the clinical research industry landscape of 2024.ICH GCP Attestation Form

If you're looking to explore a career in the innovative and quickly growing field of clinical research, you'll need to ensure you get the proper Good Clinical Practice certification.

GCP Certification

Are you seeking a GCP refresher online course or comprehensive initial advanced GCP training in 2024? Look no further. Our cutting-edge GCP certification courses are designed to equip you with all the necessary tools to obtain your certification efficiently.

In today's fast-paced world, attending in-person classes for GCP certification training may not always be feasible. That's why our innovative and user-friendly online courses offer a convenient alternative. We understand the importance of receiving top-notch training from experts well-versed in the ICH GCP guidelines to propel your career forward.

At CCRPS, excellence is our standard. Each ICH GCP module we offer is crafted with meticulous attention to detail, ensuring that you receive the highest level of instruction possible. It's time to invest in yourself and receive the refresher training you deserve from professionals who understand how to facilitate your advancement.

Whether you're an ethics committee member, clinical research staff member, or a student embarking on a career in clinical research, our training programs are tailored to meet your needs and set you up for success in the dynamic field of clinical research in 2024.

Good Clinical Practice Training Certificate

How can CCRPS propel your career in 2024?

At CCRPS, we're dedicated to equipping individuals in or aspiring to join the clinical trial industry with the necessary knowledge and training conveniently accessible at their fingertips. We understand that committing hours to classroom study isn't always feasible amidst your professional responsibilities. That's why we've developed our comprehensive GCP refresher course, designed to be completed entirely online.

Enrolling in our course offers you the opportunity to delve into advanced-level content to prepare for your Good Clinical Practice Certification testing.

What benefits await you upon enrollment in our practice training?

While GCP certification is mandatory for all clinical research professionals, its significance is particularly pronounced for certain groups:

• Investigators representing drug companies, research centers, hospitals, and more.

• Members of ethics committees.

• Clinical research staff, including clinical research associates, coordinators, trial managers, etc.

• Students aspiring to enter the clinical research industry.

Who should consider enrolling in CCRPS's groundbreaking training courses?

Whether you're already a seasoned clinical research professional or aspiring to become one, global recommendations underscore the importance of receiving GCP training and certification. Beyond being a minimum requirement, GCP certification holds several key advantages:

• It serves as a formal international validation of an individual's eligibility to work in the clinical research field.

• Organizations and companies rely on GCP-certified professionals to ensure compliance with industry regulations and guidelines.

• GCP training imparts essential knowledge of clinical research regulations to participants.

• Pharmaceutical, biotech companies, and contract research organizations prioritize hiring GCP-certified employees.

In the ever-evolving landscape of the clinical research industry in 2024, ICH GCP training has never been more crucial. Stay ahead of the curve and ensure your knowledge remains current with CCRPS's online practice training courses.

Experience the transformative impact on your clinical research career with our innovative approach to preparation and practice. Elevate your skills and stay abreast of industry developments with CCRPS today!

Download our ICH GCP Attestation Form

Good Clinical Practice GCP Training

Click this link to demo our ICH GCP training free online here!

Good Clinical Practice Training Certificate Syllabus

Introduction to Clinical Research, ICH GCP, and CFR

• An Introduction to Clinical Research

• An Overview of ICH GCP

• Code of Federal Regulations

• CFR 21 Part 11

Roles and Responsibilities (Sponsor/CRO, IRB, and Investigator)

• Sponsor/CRO Responsibilities

• 13 Principles, IRB, & Investigator Roles

Informed Consent & Patient Safety

• Informed Consent

• Safety of Human Subjects in Clinical Research

Adverse Event Reporting & Responsibilities

• Reporting Responsibilities of the Investigators

• Adverse Events

Ethical Research in Vulnerable Populations

• Ethics of Research Involving Children

• Ethics of Research Involving Mentally Incapacitated

• Ethics of Research Involving Pregnant Women and Fetuses

• Ethics of Research Involving Prisoners

Trial Management, Data Handling, and Record Retention

• Trial Management – Data Handling and Record Retention

• Common Terminology Used In Clinical Research

• Commonly Used Abbreviations and Terms in Clinical Research

ICH GCP Certification

• ICH GCP Certification Exam

ICH GCP Resources

E6(R2) Good Clinical Practice: Integrated Addendum to ICH E6(R1) 

FDA resource for E6 r2 addendum (also included in course)

Good Clinical Practice Resource Guide

Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases December 2015

WHO ICH GCP Handbook

WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Handbook for good clinical research practice (GCP):

Guidance for implementation

ICH GCP Jobs

Linkedin Resource of ICH GCP related jobs and roles

GCP Network

Latest trials, website updates, and more

Take courses from CCRPS and learn more on how to become a clinical research professional.

Discover more from Clinical Research Training | Certified Clinical Research Professionals Course

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ICH GCP Guidelines

The ICH GCP guidelines provide public assurance that trial subjects' rights, security and well-being are protected in accord with the principles which have their source from Helsinki Declaration. Compliance ensures credible clinical data; 15 points present a unified standard for European Union (EU), Japan & United States to facilitate mutual acceptance by regulatory authorities across those jurisdictions currently compliant with WHO's good practices along side Australia Canada Nordic countries+World Health Organization

This principle has been developed with all their current good clinical practices of the European Union, Japan and USA in addition to those from Australia Canada Nordic countries World Health Organization (WHO). The guidelines established within this document may also be applied during other types medical trials which could have an effect on individual subjects' safety or well being.

ICH GCP Training Free

Here are some ICH GCP training free online guidelines. Make a quizlet or copy the ich gcp guidelines quizlet, then manually rewrite each of these into an individual card that you can easily remember because it's all on one page! To review them more effectively – combine any two cards together if they both pertain to something related in theme (examples: "Committee" & “Implementation”). Continue condensing words and combining sections until down from 50-100 flashcards; after doing so take time out every day this week before your exam(s) for practice reviewing what has been learned thus far by going through each set again slowly but thoroughly while listening carefully

Now you can get internationally accredited ICH GCP certification for $50 through CCRPS course which includes several examples in each video to solidify your knowledge.

ICH GCP Guidelines

The ICH GCP guidelines, including ich gcp e6, provides public assurance that the rights, security and also well-being of trial subjects are protected in accord with the principles which have their source in the Declaration of Helsinki. In addition, compliance ensures credible clinical trial data. The 15 ICH GCP principles presents a unified standard for the European Union (EU), Japan and the United States to facilitate the mutual acceptance of clinical data by the regulatory authorities in those jurisdictions. The principle has been developed with all their current good clinical practices of the European Union, Japan, and the USA, in Addition to those of Australia, Canada, the Nordic countries and the World Health Organization (WHO). This principle ought to be followed when generating. The principles established in this guideline may also be applied to other clinical investigations which might have an influence on the security and well-being of individual subjects.

ICH GCP Training Free

In order to self-learn ich gcp training free online:

1) make a quizlet account (or use the ich gcp guidelines quizlet)

2) manually rewrite each of the guidelines below into quizlet (this is ESSENTIAL in getting the guidelines to stick in your brain!)

3) continue condensing the words and combining guidelines until you’re down to 50-100 flashcards

4) review set 2-3 times and delete cards to clearly remember

5) continue to review and delete cards until you have it memorized!

While our ICH GCP training course Is only $50 it is essential to learning to applying ich gcp guidelines in an advanced method, you should be able to remotely memorize the guidelines on your own for free as an expert adult learner.

ICH GCP GLOSSARY

While our ICH GCP training course is essential to learning to applying ich gcp guidelines in an advanced method, you should be able to remotely memorize the guidelines on your own for free as an expert adult learner.

1. ICH GCP GLOSSARY

1.1 Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

From the pre-approval clinical experience with a new medicinal product or its new usages, particularly as the therapeutic dose(s) could not have been established: all noxious and unintended responses to a medicinal product related to any dose ought to be considered adverse drug reactions. The term responses to a medicinal product means that a causal relationship between a medicinal product and an adverse event is at least a reasonable chance, i.e. the connection can't be ruled out. Regarding marketed medicinal products: a reaction to a drug that is noxious and unintended and that occurs at doses normally utilized in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment of diseases or for modification of physiological function (see the ICH Guideline for Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting).

1.4 Applicable Regulatory Requirement(s)

Any regulation (s) and law (s) addressing the conduct of clinical trials of investigational products.

1.5 Approval (in relation to Institutional Review Boards)

The affirmative decision of the IRB that the clinical trial was reviewed and could be conducted at the institution site within the constraints set forth by the IRB, the institution, Good Clinical Practice (GCP), and the relevant regulatory requirements.

1.7 Audit Certificate
A statement of confirmation by the auditor that an audit has happened. 1.9 Audit Trail
Documentation which allows reconstruction of the class of occasions. 1.10 Blinding/Masking

A process where a couple of parties into this trial are kept unaware of the treatment assignment(s). Single-blinding usually indicates the topic (s) being unaware, and also double-blinding usually indicates the topic (s), investigator(s), track, and, sometimes, data analyst(s) being unaware of the treatment assignment(s).

1.11 Case Report Form (CRF)

A printed, optical, or electronic document designed to record all the protocol required data to be recorded to the sponsor on each trial field.

1.12 Clinical Trial/Study

Any investigation in human subjects meant to discover or verify the clinical, psychiatric or other pharmacodynamic effects of nvestigational product(s), or to identify any adverse reactions to an investigational product(s), or to research absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of an investigational product(s) together with the goal of ascertaining its security and/or effectiveness.

1.13 Clinical Trial/Study Report

A written outline of some trial/study of any therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic agent conducted in human subjects, where the clinical and statistical description, presentations, and analyses are fully integrated into one report (see the ICH Guideline for Structure and Content of Clinical Study Reports).

1.14 Comparator (Product)

An investigational or marketed product (i.e., active control), or placebo, used as a benchmark in a clinical investigation.

1.15 Compliance (in relation to trials)

Adherence to all of the trial-related needs, Good Clinical Practice (GCP) requirements, and the relevant regulatory requirements.

1.17 Deal

A written, dated, and signed agreement between two or more involved parties that sets out any arrangements on delegation and distribution of tasks and duties , if appropriate, on financial issues. The protocol could serve as the foundation of a contract.

1.18 Coordinating Committee

A committee that a sponsor may organize to coordinate with the behavior of a multicentre trial.

1.19 Coordinating Investigator

An employee assigned the responsibility of the coordination of investigators at several centers participating in a multicentre trial.

1.20 Contract Research Organization (CRO)

A individual or a business (commercial, academic, or other) contracted by the sponsor to do at least one of a host's trial-related responsibilities and purposes.

1.21 Immediate Access

Permission to examine, analyze, verify, and reproduce any records and reports which are important to analysis of a medical trial. Any celebration (e.g., national and international regulatory authorities, sponsor's monitors and auditors) with direct access should take all reasonable measures within the constraints of the applicable regulatory requirement(s) to keep the confidentiality of subjects' identities and sponsor's proprietary information.

1.22 Documentation

All documents, in any kind (such as, but not restricted to, written, digital, magnetic, and optical records, and tests, x-rays, and electrocardiograms) that describe or record the methods, behavior, or effects of a trial, and the factors affecting a trial, and the action taken.

1.23 Critical Documents

Documents that individually and collectively permit evaluation of the behavior of a study and the quality of the data generated.

1.24 Good Clinical Practice (GCP)

A benchmark for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analyses, and reporting of clinical trials that offers assurance that the data and reported results are credible and accurate, and the rights, ethics, and confidentiality of trial subjects are protected.

1.25 Independent Data-Monitoring Committee (IDMC/Data and Safety Monitoring Board, Monitoring Committee, Data Monitoring Committee)

A separate data-monitoring committee which could be determined by the sponsor to assess at intervals the progress of a clinical trial, the safety information, and the critical efficacy endpoints, and to recommend to the sponsor whether to continue, change, or discontinue a trial.

1.26 Impartial Witness

A person, who's independent of this trial, that can't be unfairly influenced by people associated in this trial, who attends the informed consent process if the subject or the subject's legally acceptable representative can't read, and who reads the informed consent form and any other written information provided to the topic.

1.27 Independent Ethics Committee (IEC)

An independent body (a review board or a committee, institutional, regional, national, or supranational), constituted of caregivers and non-medical associates, whose duty is to make sure the security of their rights, security and well-being of human issues involved in an investigation and to provide public assurance of the protection, by, among other things, reviewing and approving / providing appropriate view on, the trial procedure, the arrangement of the investigator(s), facilities, and the processes and material to be utilized in obtaining and documenting informed consent of the trial subjects.

1.28 Informed Consent

A procedure in which a subject voluntarily confirms his or her willingness to take part in a specific trial, after being informed of all details of the trial that relate to the subject of choice to engage. Informed consent is documented by way of a written, signed and dated informed consent form.

1.29 Inspection

The action by a regulatory authority(ies) of conducting an official review of documents, records, facilities, and some other sources which are deemed by the authority(ies) to be associated with the clinical trial which could be found in the website of this trial, in the host's or contract study organization's (CRO's) facilities, or at other establishments deemed appropriate by the regulatory authority(ies).

1.30 Institution (medical)

Any private or public entity or agency or medical or dental facility where clinical trials have been conducted.

1.31 Institutional Review Board (IRB)

An independent body constituted of medical, scientific, and non-scientific associates, whose duty is to guarantee the security of their rights, security and well-being of human subjects involved in a trial by, among other things, reviewing, approving, and providing continuing review of trial protocol and amendments and of the methods and substance to be utilized in obtaining and documenting informed consent of the trial subjects.

1.33 Investigational Merchandise

A pharmaceutical form of an active ingredient or placebo being tested or used as a benchmark in a clinical trial, such as a product with a marketing authorization when used or assembled (formulated or packaged) in a sense different from the approved form, or if used for an unapproved indication, or when used to get additional information regarding an approved use.

1.34 Partner

A individual accountable for the behavior of this clinical trial at a trial website. When a trial has been conducted by a group of people at a trial site, the investigator is the responsible leader of the group and might be known as the researcher. See also Subinvestigator.

1.35 Investigator / Institution

An expression meaning "the investigator and/or institution, where required by the applicable regulatory requirements".

1.36 Investigator's Brochure

A compilation of the clinical and nonclinical data on the investigational product(s) which is relevant to the study of the investigational product(s) in human subjects (see 7. Investigator’s Brochure).

1.37 Legally Acceptable Representative

An individual or juridical or other body authorized under applicable law to consent, on behalf of a prospective subject, to the subject's participation in the clinical trial.

1.38 Monitoring

The act of overseeing the progress of a clinical trial, and of ensuring that it is conducted, recorded, and reported in accordance with the protocol, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), Good Clinical Practice (GCP), and the applicable regulatory requirement(s).

1.39 Monitoring Report

A written report from the monitor to the sponsor after each site visit and/or other trial-related communication according to the sponsor’s SOPs.

1.40 Multicentre Trial

A clinical trial conducted according to a single protocol but at more than one site, and therefore, carried out by more than one investigator.

1.41 Nonclinical Study
Biomedical studies not performed on human subjects.
1.42 Opinion (in relation to Independent Ethics Committee)
The judgement and/or the advice provided by an Independent Ethics Committee (IEC). 1.43 Original Medical Record
See Source Documents (Below in 1.52).
1.44 Protocol

A document that describes the objective(s), design, methodology, statistical considerations, and organization of a trial. The protocol usually also gives the background and rationale for the trial, but these could be provided in other protocol referenced documents. Throughout the ICH GCP Guideline the term protocol refers to protocol and protocol amendments.

1.45 Protocol Amendment
A written description of a change(s) to or formal clarification of a protocol. 1.46 Quality Assurance (QA)

All those planned and systematic actions that are established to ensure that the trial is performed and the data are generated, documented (recorded), and reported in compliance with Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and the applicable regulatory requirement(s).

1.47 Quality Control (QC)

The operational techniques and activities undertaken within the quality assurance system to verify that the requirements for quality of the trial-related activities have been fulfilled.

1.48 Randomization

The process of assigning trial subjects to treatment or control groups using an element of chance to determine the assignments in order to reduce bias.

1.49 Regulatory Authorities

Bodies with the power to regulate. In the ICH GCP guideline the expression Regulatory Authorities includes the authorities that review submitted clinical data and those that conduct inspections (see 1.29). These bodies are sometimes referred to as competent authorities.

1.50 Serious Adverse Event (SAE) or Serious Adverse Drug Reaction (Serious ADR)

Any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose: - results in death, - is life-threatening, - requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, - results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or - is a congenital anomaly/birth defect (see the ICH Guideline for Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting).

1.51 Source Data

All information in original records and certified copies of original records of clinical findings, observations, or other activities in a clinical trial necessary for the reconstruction and evaluation of the trial. Source data are contained in source documents (original records or certified copies).

1.52 Source Documents

Original documents, data, and records (e.g., hospital records, clinical and office charts, laboratory notes, memoranda, subjects' diaries or evaluation checklists, pharmacy dispensing records, recorded data from automated instruments, copies or transcriptions certified after verification as being accurate copies, microfiches, photographic negatives, microfilm or magnetic media, x-rays, subject files, and records kept at the pharmacy, at the laboratories and at medico-technical departments involved in the clinical trial).

1.53 Sponsor

An individual, company, institution, or organization which takes responsibility for the initiation, management, and/or financing of a clinical trial.

1.54 Sponsor-Investigator

An individual who both initiates and conducts, alone or with others, a clinical trial, and under whose immediate direction the investigational product is administered to, dispensed to, or used by a subject. The term does not include any person other than an individual (e.g., it does not include a corporation or an agency). The obligations of a sponsor-investigator include both those of a sponsor and those of an investigator.

1.55 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

Detailed, written instructions to achieve uniformity of the performance of a specific function.

1.56 Subinvestigator Any individual member of the clinical trial team designated and supervised by the investigator at a trial site to perform critical trial-related procedures and/or to make important trial-related decisions (e.g., associates, residents, research fellows). See also Investigator.

1.57 Subject/Trial Subject

An individual who participates in a clinical trial, either as a recipient of the investigational product(s) or as a control.

1.58 Subject Identification Code

A unique identifier assigned by the investigator to each trial subject to protect the subject's identity and used in lieu of the subject's name when the investigator reports adverse events and/or other trial related data.

1.59 Trial Site
The location(s) where trial-related activities are actually conducted. 1.60 Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction

An adverse reaction, the nature or severity of which is not consistent with the applicable product information (e.g., Investigator's Brochure for an unapproved investigational product or package insert/summary of product characteristics for an approved product) (see the ICH Guideline for Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting).

1.61 Vulnerable Subjects

Individuals whose willingness to volunteer in a clinical trial may be unduly influenced by the expectation, whether justified or not, of benefits associated with participation, or of a retaliatory response from senior members of a hierarchy in case of refusal to participate. Examples are members of a group with a hierarchical structure, such as medical, pharmacy, dental, and nursing students, subordinate hospital and laboratory personnel, employees of the pharmaceutical industry, members of the armed forces, and persons kept in detention. Other vulnerable subjects include patients with incurable diseases, persons in nursing homes, unemployed or impoverished persons, patients in emergency situations, ethnic minority groups, homeless persons, nomads, refugees, minors, and those incapable of giving consent.

1.62 Well-being (of the trial subjects)
The physical and mental integrity of the subjects participating in a clinical trial.

2. THE PRINCIPLES OF ICH GCP

2.1 Clinical trials should be conducted in accordance with the ethical principles that have their origin in the Declaration of Helsinki, and that are consistent with GCP and the applicable regulatory requirement(s).

2.2 Before a trial is initiated, foreseeable risks and inconveniences should be weighed against the anticipated benefit for the individual trial subject and society. A trial should be initiated and continued only if the anticipated benefits justify the risks.

2.3 The rights, safety, and well-being of the trial subjects are the most important considerations and should prevail over interests of science and society.

2.4 The available nonclinical and clinical information on an investigational product should be adequate to support the proposed clinical trial.

2.5 Clinical trials should be scientifically sound, and described in a clear, detailed protocol.

2.6 A trial should be conducted in compliance with the protocol that has received prior institutional review board (IRB)/independent ethics committee (IEC) approval/favourable opinion.

2.7 The medical care given to, and medical decisions made on behalf of, subjects should always be the responsibility of a qualified physician or, when appropriate, of a qualified dentist.

2.8 Each individual involved in conducting a trial should be qualified by education, training, and experience to perform his or her respective task(s).

2.9 Freely given informed consent should be obtained from every subject prior to clinical trial participation.

2.10 All clinical trial information should be recorded, handled, and stored in a way that allows its accurate reporting, interpretation and verification.

2.11 The confidentiality of records that could identify subjects should be protected, respecting the privacy and confidentiality rules in accordance with the applicable regulatory requirement(s).

2.12 Investigational products should be manufactured, handled, and stored in accordance with applicable good manufacturing practice (GMP). They should be used in accordance with the approved protocol.

2.13 Systems with procedures that assure the quality of every aspect of the trial should be implemented.

3. INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD/INDEPENDENT ETHICS COMMITTEE (IRB/IEC)

3.1 Responsibilities

3.1.1 An IRB/IEC should safeguard the rights, safety, and well-being of all trial subjects. Special attention should be paid to trials that may include vulnerable subjects.

3.1.2 The IRB/IEC should obtain the following documents: trial protocol(s)/amendment(s), written informed consent form(s) and consent form updates that the investigator proposes for use in the trial, subject recruitment procedures (e.g. advertisements), written information to be provided to subjects, Investigator's Brochure (IB), available safety information, information about payments and compensation available to subjects, the investigator’s current curriculum vitae and/or other documentation evidencing qualifications, and any other documents that the IRB/IEC may need to fulfil its responsibilities. The IRB/IEC should review a proposed clinical trial within a reasonable time and document its views in writing, clearly identifying the trial, the documents reviewed and the dates for the following: - approval/favourable opinion; - modifications required prior to its approval/favourable opinion; - disapproval / negative opinion; and - termination/suspension of any prior approval/favourable opinion.

3.1.3 The IRB/IEC should consider the qualifications of the investigator for the proposed trial, as documented by a current curriculum vitae and/or by any other relevant documentation the IRB/IEC requests.

3.1.4 The IRB/IEC should conduct continuing review of each ongoing trial at intervals appropriate to the degree of risk to human subjects, but at least once per year. 3.1.5 The IRB/IEC may request more information than is outlined in paragraph 4.8.10 be given to subjects when, in the judgement of the IRB/IEC, the additional information would add meaningfully to the protection of the rights, safety and/or well-being of the subjects.

3.1.6 When a non-therapeutic trial is to be carried out with the consent of the subject’s legally acceptable representative (see 4.8.12, 4.8.14), the IRB/IEC should determine that the proposed protocol and/or other document(s) adequately addresses relevant ethical concerns and meets applicable regulatory requirements for such trials.

3.1.7 Where the protocol indicates that prior consent of the trial subject or the subject’s legally acceptable representative is not possible (see 4.8.15), the IRB/IEC should determine that the proposed protocol and/or other document(s) adequately addresses relevant ethical concerns and meets applicable regulatory requirements for such trials (i.e. in emergency situations).

3.1.8 The IRB/IEC should review both the amount and method of payment to subjects to assure that neither presents problems of coercion or undue influence on the trial subjects. Payments to a subject should be prorated and not wholly contingent on completion of the trial by the subject.

3.1.9 The IRB/IEC should ensure that information regarding payment to subjects, including the methods, amounts, and schedule of payment to trial subjects, is set forth in the written informed consent form and any other written information to be provided to subjects. The way payment will be prorated should be specified.

3.2 Composition, Functions and Operations

3.2.1 The IRB/IEC should consist of a reasonable number of members, who collectively have the qualifications and experience to review and evaluate the science, medical aspects, and ethics of the proposed trial. It is recommended that the IRB/IEC should include: (a) At least five members. (b) At least one member whose primary area of interest is in a nonscientific area. (c) At least one member who is independent of the institution/trial site. Only those IRB/IEC members who are independent of the investigator and the sponsor of the trial should vote/provide opinion on a trial-related matter. A list of IRB/IEC members and their qualifications should be maintained.

3.2.2 The IRB/IEC should perform its functions according to written operating procedures, should maintain written records of its activities and minutes of its meetings, and should comply with GCP and with the applicable regulatory requirement(s).

3.2.3 An IRB/IEC should make its decisions at announced meetings at which at least a quorum, as stipulated in its written operating procedures, is present.

3.2.4 Only members who participate in the IRB/IEC review and discussion should vote/provide their opinion and/or advise.

3.2.5 The investigator may provide information on any aspect of the trial, but should not participate in the deliberations of the IRB/IEC or in the vote/opinion of the IRB/IEC.

3.2.6 An IRB/IEC may invite nonmembers with expertise in special areas for assistance.

3.3 Procedures

The IRB/IEC should establish, document in writing, and follow its procedures, which should include:

3.3.1 Determining its composition (names and qualifications of the members) and the authority under which it is established.

3.3.2 Scheduling, notifying its members of, and conducting its meetings. 3.3.3 Conducting initial and continuing review of trials.
3.3.4 Determining the frequency of continuing review, as appropriate.

3.3.5 Providing, according to the applicable regulatory requirements, expedited review and approval/favourable opinion of minor change(s) in ongoing trials that have the approval/favourable opinion of the IRB/IEC.

3.3.6 Specifying that no subject should be admitted to a trial before the IRB/IEC issues its written approval/favourable opinion of the trial.

3.3.7 Specifying that no deviations from, or changes of, the protocol should be initiated without prior written IRB/IEC approval/favourable opinion of an appropriate amendment, except when necessary to eliminate immediate hazards to the subjects or when the change(s) involves only logistical or administrative aspects of the trial (e.g., change of monitor(s), telephone number(s)) (see 4.5.2).

3.3.8 Specifying that the investigator should promptly report to the IRB/IEC: (a) Deviations from, or changes of, the protocol to eliminate immediate hazards to the trial subjects (see 3.3.7, 4.5.2, 4.5.4). (b) Changes increasing the risk to subjects and/or affecting significantly the conduct of the trial (see 4.10.2). (c) All adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that are both serious and unexpected. (d) New information that may affect adversely the safety of the subjects or the conduct of the trial.

3.3.9 Ensuring that the IRB/IEC promptly notify in writing the investigator/institution concerning: (a) Its trial-related decisions/opinions. (b) The reasons for its decisions/opinions. (c) Procedures for appeal

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of its decisions/opinions.

of its decisions/opinions.

3.4 Records

The IRB/IEC should retain all relevant records (e.g., written procedures, membership lists, lists of occupations/affiliations of members, submitted documents, minutes of meetings, and correspondence) for a period of at least 3 years after completion of the trial and make them available upon request from the regulatory authority(ies). The IRB/IEC may be asked by investigators, sponsors or regulatory authorities to provide its written procedures and membership lists.

4. INVESTIGATOR

4.1 Investigator's Qualifications and Agreements

4.1.1 The investigator(s) should be qualified by education, training, and experience to assume responsibility for the proper conduct of the trial, should meet all the qualifications specified by the applicable regulatory requirement(s), and should provide evidence of such qualifications through up-to-date curriculum vitae and/or other relevant documentation requested by the sponsor, the IRB/IEC, and/or the regulatory authority(ies).

4.1.2 The investigator should be thoroughly familiar with the appropriate use of the investigational product(s), as described in the protocol, in the current Investigator's Brochure, in the product information and in other information sources provided by the sponsor.

4.1.3 The investigator should be aware of, and should comply with, GCP and the applicable regulatory requirements.

4.1.4 The investigator/institution should permit monitoring and auditing by the sponsor, and inspection by the appropriate regulatory authority(ies).

4.1.5 The investigator should maintain a list of appropriately qualified persons to whom the investigator has delegated significant trial-related duties.

4.2 Adequate Resources

4.2.1 The investigator should be able to demonstrate (e.g., based on retrospective data) a potential for recruiting the required number of suitable subjects within the agreed recruitment period.

4.2.2 The investigator should have sufficient time to properly conduct and complete the trial within the agreed trial period.

4.2.3 The investigator should have available an adequate number of qualified staff and adequate facilities for the foreseen duration of the trial to conduct the trial properly and safely.

4.2.4 The investigator should ensure that all persons assisting with the trial are adequately informed about the protocol, the investigational product(s), and their trial-related duties and functions.

4.3 Medical Care of Trial Subjects

4.3.1 A qualified physician (or dentist, when appropriate), who is an investigator or a sub-investigator for the trial, should be responsible for all trial-related medical (or dental) decisions.

4.3.2 During and following a subject's participation in a trial, the investigator/institution should ensure that adequate medical care is provided to a subject for any adverse events, including clinically significant laboratory values, related to the trial. The investigator/institution should inform a subject when medical care is needed for intercurrent illness(es) of which the investigator becomes aware.

4.3.3 It is recommended that the investigator inform the subject's primary physician about the subject's participation in the trial if the subject has a primary physician and if the subject agrees to the primary physician being informed.

4.3.4 Although a subject is not obliged to give his/her reason(s) for withdrawing prematurely from a trial, the investigator should make a reasonable effort to ascertain the reason(s), while fully respecting the subject's rights.

4.4 Communication with IRB/IEC

4.4.1 Before initiating a trial, the investigator/institution should have written and dated approval/favourable opinion from the IRB/IEC for the trial protocol, written informed consent form, consent form updates, subject recruitment procedures (e.g., advertisements), and any other written information to be provided to subjects.

4.4.2 As part of the investigator's/institution’s written application to the IRB/IEC, the investigator/institution should provide the IRB/IEC with a current copy of the Investigator's Brochure. If the Investigator's Brochure is updated during the trial, the investigator/institution should supply a copy of the updated Investigator’s Brochure to the IRB/IEC.

4.4.3 During the trial the investigator/institution should provide to the IRB/IEC all documents subject to review.

4.5 Compliance with Protocol

4.5.1 The investigator/institution should conduct the trial in compliance with the protocol agreed to by the sponsor and, if required, by the regulatory authority(ies) and which was given approval/favourable opinion by the IRB/IEC.

The investigator/institution and the sponsor must sign the protocol, or another contract, to confirm arrangement.

4.5.2 The investigator shouldn't implement any deviation from, or modifications of this protocol without agreement by the sponsor and prior review and documented approval/favourable opinion in the IRB/IEC of an amendment, except where necessary to eliminate an immediate hazard(s) to trial subjects, or when the change(s) involves only logistical or administrative aspects of the trial (e.g., alter in track (s), change of phone number(s)).

4.5.4 The investigator may implement a deviation from, or a reversal of, the protocol to eliminate an immediate hazard(s) to trial subjects without previous IRB/IEC approval/favourable opinion. When possible, the implemented deviation or change, the causes of this, also, if appropriate, the proposed protocol amendment(s) ought to be filed: (a) into the IRB/IEC for inspection and approval/favourable view, (b) to the sponsor for agreement and, when necessary, (c) into the regulatory authority(ies).

4.6.2 Where allowed/required, the investigator/institution may/should assign some or all the investigator's/institution's duties for investigational product(s) accountability at the trial site(s ) ) to an proper pharmacist or another suitable person who's under the oversight of their investigator/institution. .

4.6.3 The investigator/institution or a pharmacist or other appropriate person, who's given by the investigator/institution, should keep records of their item's delivery to the trial site, the inventory at the website, the usage by each topic, and also the yield to the sponsor or alternative disposition of unused product(s). These records must include dates, numbers, batch/serial numbers, expiration dates (if applicable), and the exceptional code numbers assigned to the investigational product(s) and trial subjects. Researchers should keep records that document adequately that the subjects were provided the doses specified by the protocol and reconcile all investigational product(s) obtained from the host.

4.6.4 The investigational product(s) ought to be kept as defined by the host (see 5.13.2 and 5.14.3) and in compliance with applicable regulatory requirement(s).

4.6.5 The investigator should ensure that the investigational product(s) are utilized only in compliance with the accepted protocol.

4.6.6 The investigator, or a person designated by the investigator/institution, must describe the proper use of the investigational product(s) to each subject and should check, at times appropriate for the trial, that each subject is following the directions correctly. If the trial is blinded, the investigator should promptly document and explain to the sponsor any early unblinding (e.g., accidental unblinding, unblinding because of a serious adverse event) of the investigational product(s).

4.8 Informed Consent of Trial Subjects

4.8.1 In obtaining and documenting informed consent, the investigator must comply with the applicable regulatory requirement(s), and should adhere to GCP and to the ethical principles which have their source in the Declaration of Helsinki. Before the start of the trial, the investigator needs to have the IRB/IEC's composed approval/favourable view of this written informed consent form and any other written information to be offered to subjects.

4.8.2 The written informed consent form and any other written information to be given to subjects must be revised whenever important new information becomes available that may be pertinent to this subject's approval. Any revised written informed consent form, and written advice must get the IRB/IEC's approval/favourable view ahead of usage. The subject or the subject's legally acceptable representative ought to be informed in a timely fashion if new information becomes available that may be pertinent to the subject's willingness to continue participation in the trial. The communication of the information ought to be documented.

4.8.5 The investigator, or a person designated by the investigator, should fully inform the subject or, even if the topic is not able to give informed consent, the subject's legally acceptable representative, of all pertinent aspects of the trial including the written advice and also the approval/ favourable opinion by the IRB/IEC.

4.8.6 The language used in the written and oral information regarding the trial, including the written informed consent form, must be non-technical as functional and should be clear to the subject or the subject's legally acceptable representative and the impartial witness, where applicable.

4.8.7 Before informed consent may be obtained, the investigator, or someone designated by the investigator, should offer the subject or the subject's legally acceptable representative ample time and opportunity to ask about details of the trial and also to choose whether or not to take part in the trial. All queries concerning the trial ought to be answered to the satisfaction of the topic or the subject's legally acceptable representative.

4.8.8 Before a subject's involvement in the analysis, the written informed consent form ought to be signed and dated by the topic or from the subject's legally appropriate agent, and from the man who conducted the informed consent discussion.

4.8.9 If a topic can't read or if a legally acceptable representative is not able to read, an impartial witness should be present throughout the entire informed consent discussion. Following the written informed consent form and any other written information to be given to subjects, will be read and explained to the subject or the subject's legally acceptable representative, and after the subject or the subject's legally acceptable representative has orally consented to the subject of involvement in the trial and, if capable of doing this, has signed and dated the informed consent form, the witness must sign and personally date the consent form. (b) The intention of the trial. If there's not any intended clinical benefit to the subject, the topic ought to be made aware of the (I) The alternative procedure(s) or course(s) of treatment which could be accessible to the matter, and their important potential benefits and hazards. (j) The reimbursement and/or therapy readily available to the subject at case of trial-related injury. (l) The anticipated expenses, if any, to the subject of participating in the trial. (n) The monitor(s), the auditor(s), the IRB/IEC, along with the regulatory authority(ies) will be granted direct entry to the subject's original medical records for verification of clinical trial processes and/or information, without violating the confidentiality of this topic, to the extent allowed by the applicable legislation and regulations and that, by signing a written informed consent form, the subject or the subject's legally acceptable representative is authorizing such access. (o) That records identifying the subject will be kept confidential and, to the extent allowed by regulations or laws, won't be made publicly accessible. If the outcomes of the trial have been published, the subject's identity will stay confidential. (p) The subject or the subject's legally acceptable representative will be informed in a timely manner if information becomes available that may be pertinent to the subject's willingness to continue participation in the trial. (q) The individual (s) to contact for more information concerning the trial and the rights of trial subjects, and whom to contact in case of trial-related injury. (r) The foreseeable conditions and/or motives under the subject's involvement in the trial could be terminated. (s) The expected duration of the subject's involvement in the trial. (t) The approximate number of subjects included with the trial.

4.8.11 Prior to participation in the trial, the subject or the subject's legally acceptable representative should be given a copy of the signed and dated written informed consent form and any other written information supplied to the topics. During a subject's involvement in the trial, the subject or the subject's legally acceptable representative should get a copy of the signed and dated consent form updates and a copy of any amendments to the written information given to subjects.

4.8.12 When a clinical trial (therapeutic or non-therapeutic) includes subjects who can only be registered in the trial with the permission of the subject's legally acceptable representative (e.g., minors, or individuals with severe dementia), the subject ought to be informed about the trial to the extent compatible with the subject of comprehension and, if capable, the subject should sign and personally date the written informed consent.

4.8.13 Except as described in 4.8.14, a non-therapeutic trial (i.e. a trial where there is not any anticipated direct clinical benefit to the subject), needs to be conducted in subjects who give consent and that sign and date the written informed consent form.

4.8.14 Non-therapeutic trials might be conducted in subjects with consent of a legally acceptable representative provided that the following requirements are fulfilled: (a) The aims of the trial can't be fulfilled by way of a trial in subjects that can provide informed consent. (c) The adverse influence on the subject's well-being is reduced and minimized. (d) The trial isn't prohibited by legislation. (e) The approval/favorable view of this IRB/IEC is especially sought on the inclusion of these topics, and the written approval/ favorable opinion covers this aspect. Topics in such trials must be particularly closely monitored and must be removed if they seem to be overly distressed.

4.8.15 In crisis situations, when prior permission of the subject isn't feasible, the permission of the subject's legally acceptable representative, if present, should be asked. When previous consent of the topic isn't feasible, along with the subject's legally acceptable representative isn't available, enrollment of this topic ought to require steps described in the protocol or elsewhere, with recorded approval/favorable opinion from the IRB/IEC, to safeguard the rights, security and well-being of this topic and also to guarantee compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. The subject or the subject's legally acceptable representative ought to be informed about the trial when possible and agree to continue along with additional approval as appropriate (see 4.8.10) ought to be asked.

4.9 Records and Reports

4.9.1 The investigator should ensure the accuracy, completeness, legibility, and timeliness of their information reported to the host at the CRFs and in all necessary reports.

4.9.2 Data reported on the CRF, which are derived from source documents, ought to be in accordance with the source documents or the discrepancies should be clarified.

4.9.3 Any alteration or correction to a CRF ought to be dated, initialed, and explained (if necessary) and shouldn't obscure the original entry (i.e. an audit trail ought to be preserved ); that applies to both written and electronic changes or corrections (visit 5.18.4 (n)). Sponsors should provide advice to investigators or the researchers' designated representatives on making such corrections. Sponsors must have written procedures to ensure corrections or changes in CRFs created by sponsor's designated agents are recorded, are needed, and are backed by the investigator. The investigator must maintain records of the corrections and changes.

4.9.4 The investigator/institution must keep the trial documents as stated in Essential Documents for the Conduct of a Clinical Trial (see 8.) The investigator/institution must take steps to avoid accidental or premature destruction of those records.

4.9.5 Essential documents should be retained until at least two years following the final approval of a marketing application in an ICH region and until there are no pending or contemplated marketing applications in an ICH region or at least two years have elapsed since the formal discontinuation of clinical development of the investigational item. These records should be kept for a longer period however if required by the relevant regulatory requirements or by having an arrangement with the host. It's the obligation of the host to notify the investigator/institution concerning when these documents no longer have to be kept (see 5.5.12).

4.9.6 The financial details of the trial ought to be recorded in an agreement between the host and the investigator/institution.

4.9.7 Upon request of the monitor, auditor, IRB/IEC, or regulatory authority, the investigator/institution must make readily available for direct access all requested trial-related documents.

4.10 Progress Reports

4.10.1 The investigator must submit written summaries of this trial status to the IRB/IEC yearly, or more often, if asked by the IRB/IEC.

4.10.2 The investigator should promptly provide written reports on the host, the IRB/IEC (see 3.3.8) and, where applicable, the institution on any changes significantly affecting the behavior of this trial, or raising the risk to subjects. The follow-up and immediate reports must identify subjects by unique code numbers assigned to the trial subjects instead of from the subjects' names, personal identification numbers, or addresses. The investigator must also comply with the applicable regulatory requirement(s) associated with the reporting of unexpected serious adverse drug reactions to the regulatory authority(ies) along with the IRB/IEC.

4.11.2 Adverse laboratory or events abnormalities identified in the protocol as critical to safety evaluations should be reported to the host in line with the coverage requirements and within the time intervals specified by the host in the protocol.

4.12 Premature Termination or Suspension of a Trial

In case the trial is prematurely terminated or suspended for any reason, the investigator/institution should immediately inform the trial issues, should guarantee proper treatment and follow-up for those issues, and, where required by the applicable regulatory requirement(s), should notify the regulatory authority(ies). Additionally:

4.12.1 If the investigator terminates or suspends a trial without prior agreement of the host, the investigator must inform the institution where applicable, and also the investigator/institution should immediately notify the host and the IRB/IEC, and should offer the sponsor along with the IRB/IEC a detailed written explanation of the termination or suspension.

4.12.2 If the sponsor terminates or suspends a trial (see 5.21), the investigator must immediately notify the institution where applicable along with the investigator/institution should immediately inform the IRB/IEC and supply the IRB/IEC a detailed written explanation of the termination or suspension.

4.12.3 When the IRB/IEC terminates or suspends its approval/favorable view of a trial (see 3.1.2 and 3.3.9), the investigator must inform the institution where applicable along with the investigator/institution should immediately notify the host and supply the sponsor with a detailed written explanation of the termination or suspension.

4.13 Final Report(s) by Investigator

Upon completion of the trial, the investigator, where relevant, should notify the institution; the investigator/institution must offer the IRB/IEC using a review of the trial's result, and the regulatory authority(ies) with any reports required.

5. SPONSOR

5.1 Quality Assurance and Quality Control

5.1.1 The host is responsible for implementing and maintaining quality assurance and quality management systems with written SOPs to make certain that trials are conducted and data are generated, documented (recorded), and documented according to the protocol, GCP, and the applicable regulatory requirement(s).

5.1.2 The host is responsible for securing agreement from all involved parties to ensure immediate access (see 1.21) to each of trial related websites, origin data/documents, and reports for the purpose of monitoring and auditing by the sponsor, and review by domestic and international regulatory authorities.

5.1.3 Quality control ought to be applied to every point of data handling to make sure that all data are reliable and have been processed properly.

5.1.4 Agreements, created by the host with all the investigator/institution and some other parties involved with the clinical trial, must be in writing, within this protocol or in another arrangement.

5.2 Contract Research Organization (CRO)

5.2.1 A sponsor may transfer any or all the host's trial-related responsibilities and functions to a CRO, but the ultimate responsibility for its integrity and quality of the trial data always resides with the host. The CRO should apply quality assurance and quality management.

5.2.2 Any trial-related responsibility and function that's transferred to and assumed by a CRO ought to be given in writing.

5.2.3 Any trial-related responsibilities and functions not specifically transferred to and assumed by a CRO are retained by the host.

5.2.4 All references to a host within this guideline apply to a CRO to the extent that a CRO has assumed the trial related duties and functions of a host.

5.3 Medical Experience

The sponsor must designate suitably qualified medical staff that are easily available to counsel trial related health questions or issues. If needed, external advisor (s) can be made for this function.

5.4 Trial Design

5.4.1 The host must use qualified people (e.g. biostatisticians, clinical pharmacologists, and physicians) as appropriate, during all phases of their trial process, in designing the protocol and CRFs and preparing the investigations into assessing and preparing interim and final clinical trial reports.

5.5 Trial Management, Data Handling, and Record Keeping i.e. ICH GCP guidelines for clinical data management

5.5.1 The host must use appropriately qualified people to supervise the general conduct of this trial, to deal with the information, to confirm the information, to conduct the statistical analyses, and also to prepare the demo reports. The IDMC should have written operating procedures and keep written records of its meetings.

5.5.3 When using electronic trial data management and/or remote electronic trial information programs, the host needs to: (a) Ensure and document that the electronic data processing procedure(s) adheres to the sponsor's established requirements for completeness, accuracy and reliability, and consistent intended performance (i.e. identification ). (b) Maintains SOPs for utilizing such systems. (c) Make sure that these systems are intended to allow data changes in such a manner in which the data changes are documented and that there isn't any deletion of input data (i.e. keep an audit trail, information path, edit path ). (d) Keep a safety system which prevents unauthorized access into this information. (e) Keep a listing of those people that are licensed to produce information modifications (see 4.1.5 and 4.9.3). (g) Shield the blinding, if some (e.g. keep the data during data entry and processing system ).

5.5.4 When data are transformed during processing, then it must remain possible to evaluate the initial observations and data with the data that is processed.

5.5.5 The host must utilize an unambiguous subject identification code (visit 1.58) which enables identification of all of the information reported for every topic.

5.5.6 The host, along with other owners of all this information, should keep each the sponsor-specific necessary documents of interest to the trial (see 8).

5.5.7 The sponsor must maintain all sponsor-specific necessary files in conformance with all the applicable regulatory requirement(s) of this country(ies) in which the item is accepted, or at which the sponsor intends to submit an application for approval(s).

5.5.9 If the sponsor discontinues the clinical development of an investigational solution, the sponsor must notify all of the trial investigators/institutions and most of the regulatory authorities.

5.5.10 Any transfer of possession of this information must be reported on the proper authority(ies), according to the applicable regulatory requirement(s).

5.5.12 The sponsor must notify the investigator(s)/association(s) in writing of their requirement for document retention and should inform the investigator(s)/association(s) in writing whenever the trial associated documents are no more needed.

5.6 Investigator Choice

5.6.1 The host is responsible for picking the investigator(s)/association (s). Each investigator ought to be qualified by experience and training and should have sufficient funds (see 4.1, 4.2) to properly conduct the trial where the investigator is chosen. If business of some coordinating committee or choice of coordinating investigator(s) will be used in multicentre trials, their company and/or choice are the host's responsibility.

5.6.2 Before entering an agreement with an investigator/institution to perform a trial, the sponsor must offer the investigator(s)/association (s) using the routine and also an up-to-date Investigator's Brochure, and should provide adequate time for your investigator/institution to assess the protocol and also the info supplied.

5.6.3 The sponsor must obtain the investigator's/institution's arrangement: (a) to conduct the trial according to GCP, together with all the applicable regulatory requirement(s) (see 4.1.3), also with the protocol agreed to by the host and given approval/favorable remark by the IRB/IEC (see 4.5.1); (b) to comply with processes for information recording/reporting; (c) to allow tracking, auditing and review (see 4.1.4) and (d) to keep the trial associated essential files until the host informs the investigator/institution that these records are no longer required (see 4.9.4 along with also 5.5.12). The host and the investigator/institution need to sign the protocol, or an alternate file, to verify this arrangement.

5.7 Allocation of Duties

Before initiating a trial, the sponsor should define, establish, and devote most of of trial-related responsibilities and purposes.

5.8 Compensation to Subjects and Investigators

5.8.1 If required by the applicable regulatory requirement(s), the host must offer insurance or if indemnify (valid and fiscal policy ) that the investigator/the association against claims arising out of the trial, and except for claims that arise from prosecution and/or neglect.

5.8.2 The host's policies and procedures must deal with the expenses of treatment for trial issues in case of trial-related accidents in agreement with the applicable regulatory requirement(s).

5.8.3 When identification subjects receive reimbursement, the procedure and way of reimbursement must comply with applicable regulatory requirement(s).

5.9 Funding

The financial facets of the trial ought to be recorded in an agreement between the host and the investigator/institution.

5.10 Notification/Submission into Regulatory Authority(ies)

Prior to initiating the clinical investigation (s), the host (or the host and the investigator, even when necessary by the applicable regulatory requirement(s)) must submit any necessary program (s) into the proper authority(ies) for inspection, approval, and/or consent (as needed by the applicable regulatory requirement(s)) to commence the trial(s). Any notification/submission ought to be dated and include adequate information to recognize the routine. (b) A statement obtained in the IRB/IEC it is organized and functions in accordance with GCP and the applicable regulations and laws. (c) Documented IRB/IEC approval/favourable view and, when requested by the host, a recent backup of protocol, written informed consent form(s) and any other written information to be offered to areas, subject recruiting processes, and records associated with payments and reimbursement available to the topics, and some other files the IRB/IEC could have asked.

5.11.2 If the IRB/IEC states its approval/favourable view upon modification (s) in almost any feature of the trial, including alteration (s) of this protocol, written informed consent form and any other written information to be offered to areas, or other processes, the sponsor must obtain in the investigator/institution that a duplicate of the modification(s) created and the date approval/favourable remark was given from the IRB/IEC.

5.11.3 The sponsor must obtain in the investigator/institution dates and documentation of any IRB/IEC reapprovals/re-evaluations with hierarchical view, also of any withdrawals or suspensions of all approval/favourable view.

5.12 Information on Investigational Product(s) 5.12.1 When planning trials, the sponsor must ensure that adequate safety and efficacy information from nonclinical clinical or studies trials are readily available to support human vulnerability from the path, in the doses, for its length, and at the trial population to be analyzed.

5.12.2 The host must upgrade the Investigator's Brochure as important new information becomes available (see 7).

5.13 Manufacturing, Packaging, Labeling, and Coding Investigational Product(s)

5.13.1 The host should ensure that the investigational product(s) (such as active comparator(s) and placebo( if appropriate ) is distinguished as appropriate for the stage of growth of the item (s), is fabricated according to any relevant GMP, and can be coded and tagged in a way that safeguards the blinding, if appropriate. Additionally, the labelling must comply with all applicable regulatory requirement(s).

5.13.2 The sponsor must determine, for the investigational product(s), decent storage temperatures, storage requirements (e.g. protection against mild ), storage times, reconstitution fluids and processes, and apparatus for product extract, if any. The host should notify all parties that are involved (e.g. tracks, researchers, pharmacistsand storage managers) of those determinations.

5.13.3 The investigational product(s) ought to be packed to avoid contamination and improper deterioration during storage and transport.

5.13.4 In clinical trials, the programming system to its investigational product(s) must incorporate a mechanism which allows rapid identification of their item (s) if a health crisis, but doesn't permit imperceptible fractures of this blinding.

5.13.5 If significant formulation changes are produced in the investigational or comparator product(s) throughout the course of clinical improvement, the outcomes of some further studies of the formulated product(s) (e.g. stability, dissolution rate, bioavailability) required to evaluate whether these changes could significantly alter the pharmacokinetic profile of this item ought to be available before using this newest formula in clinical trials.

5.14 Supplying and Handling Investigational Product(s)

5.14.1 The host is responsible for providing the investigator(s)/association (s) using all the investigational product(s ) ).

5.14.2 The host shouldn't provide an investigator/institution using the investigational product(s) before the host obtains all necessary documentation (e.g. approval/favorable view from IRB/IEC and regulatory authority(ies)).

5.14.3 The host must ensure that written procedures contain directions the investigator/institution must follow to the storage and handling of investigational product(s) for your trial and documentation . The processes should address decent and safe receipt, handling, storage, unloading, recovery of fresh product in issues, and yield of unused investigational product(s) to the host (or other disposition if approved by the host and in accordance with all the applicable regulatory requirement(s)).

5.14.4 The host needs to: (a) guarantee timely delivery of investigational product(s) into this investigator(s). (b) Keep records that document dispatch, receipt, disposition, reunite, and also destruction of this investigational product(s) (see 8). (c) Maintain a method for regaining investigational products and recording that this recovery (e.g. for deficient product remember, recover after trial completion( expired merchandise recover ).

5.14.5 The host needs to: (a) Take action to make certain that the investigational product(s) are steady over the length of usage. (b) Maintain adequate quantities of the investigational product(s) utilized from the trials to reconfirm specifications, so should it be necessary, and keep records of batch sample investigations and attributes. To the degree equilibrium allows, samples must be kept either before the investigations of the trial data will be complete or as needed by the applicable regulatory requirement(s), whichever reflects the longer retention interval.

5.15 Record Access

5.15.1 The host must ensure it is given in the protocol or other written agreement which the investigator(s)/association (s) offer immediate access to source data/documents such as trial- related observation, Tests, IRB/IEC inspection, and regulatory review.

5.15.2 The host must verify that every subject has agreed, in writing, to guide accessibility to their own first medical records to get trial-related observation, audit, IRB/IEC inspection, and regulatory scrutiny.

5.16.2 The sponsor must immediately notify all concerned investigator(s)/association (s) and the regulatory authority(ies) of findings which could affect negatively the security of topics, affect the behavior of this trial, or change the IRB/IEC's approval/favourable view to keep the test.

5.17.3 The sponsor must submit to the regulatory authority(ies) all security upgrades and periodic reports, and according to applicable regulatory requirement(s).

5.18 Tracking

5.18.1 Purpose

The functions of trial monitoring are to confirm: (a) The rights and also well-being of individual subjects are protected. (c) The conduct of the offense will be in accordance with the approved protocol/amendment(s), with GCP, along with all the applicable regulatory requirement(s). (b ) Monitors must be suitably trained, and ought to possess the clinical or scientific knowledge required to track the trial satisfactorily. A track's qualifications must be recorded.

5.18.3 Extent and Nature of Monitoring

The host should ensure that the trials have been adequately tracked. The sponsor must determine the right scope and nature of observation. The conclusion of the scope and nature of monitoring should be determined by factors like the purpose, function, style, complexity, blinding, size, and endpoints of this trial. Generally speaking there's a demand for onsite observation, before, during, and after the trialhowever in extraordinary circumstances the host may decide that central observation in combination with processes such as researchers' meetings and training, and comprehensive written advice can assure proper conduct of the trial in agreement with GCP. Statistically controlled sampling could be an acceptable way of selecting the information to be checked.

5.18.4 Monitor's Responsibilities

The track (s) in compliance with the host's requirements need to make sure that the trial will be conducted and recorded properly by executing the following actions when relevant and essential to this trial and the crime website: (a) Acting as the major field of communication between the host and the investigator. (b) Verifying that the investigator has sufficient qualifications and tools (see 4.1, 4.2, 5.6) and stay adequate throughout the trial period, which facilities, such as labs and equipment, and employees, are sufficient to safely and properly conduct the trial and stay adequate throughout the trial period. (ii) The investigational product(s) are provided exclusively to subjects that are qualified for it and in the protocol given dose(s). (iii) That matters are supplied with necessary education on correctly using, managing, storing, and returning to the investigational product(s). (iv) The reception, use, and yield of this investigational product(s) in the trial sites are regulated and recorded adequately. (v) The disposition of unused investigational product(s) in the trial sites complies with all applicable regulatory requirement(s) and can be in accord with the sponsor. (e) Verifying that written informed consent was obtained prior to each subject's involvement in this trial. (f) Ensuring that the investigator gets the current Investigator's brochure, all records, and all of the trial provides required to conduct the trial properly and also to comply with the applicable regulatory requirement(s). (h) Verifying that the investigator and the investigator's trial staff are currently still doing the given trial purposes, in accord with the protocol along with another written agreement between the host and the investigator/institution, also haven't assigned the functions to unauthorized people. (I) Verifying that the investigator will be enroling only qualified subjects. (j) Reporting the matter recruitment rate. (k) Verifying that source files and other trial documents are true, complete, retained up-to-date and preserved. (Id) Verifying that the investigator provides all of the essential documents, notifications, applications, and admissions, and these records are accurate, comprehensive, timely, legible, dated, and also establish that the trial. (m) Assessing the accuracy and completeness of the CRF entries, source files and other trial-related documents contrary to each other. The monitor especially should confirm that: (I) The information required by the protocol have been reported right about the CRFs and therefore are in accordance with the source files. (ii) Any dose or treatment alterations are well documented for all the trial issues. (iii) Adverse events, concomitant medications and inter-current disorders are reported with regard to the routine in the CRFs. (iv) Visits the subjects don't create, tests which aren't conducted, and tests which aren't performed are reported as such on the CRFs. (n) Informing the inheritance of any CRF entrance mistake, omission, or illegibility. The monitor must ensure that proper adjustments, additions, or deletions are made, obsolete, clarified (if needed ), and initialed by the investigator or from a part of the investigator's trial staff who's licensed to first CRF modifications to your investigator. This consent ought to be documented. (o) Deciding whether adverse events (AEs) are reported over the time intervals required by GCP, the protocol, the IRB/IEC, the host, as well as the applicable regulatory requirement(s). (de) Deciding if the investigator is keeping the vital files (see 8. )

5.18.5 Monitoring Procedures

The track (s) must occur after the host's established written SOPs in addition to those processes which are given by the host for tracking a particular trial.

5.18.6 Monitoring Report

(a) The screen must submit an official report to the host after every trial-site see or trial-related communication. (b) Reports must include the date, website, title of the track, and title of the investigator or other person (s) contacted. (c) Reports must include a summary of the track reviewed along with the track's statements regarding the substantial findings/facts, deviations and deficiencies, decisions and actions taken or to be obtained and/or activities recommended to procure compliance. (d) The follow-up and review of this observation report with all the host ought to be recorded by the host designated agent.

5.19 Audit

When Patrons Execute audits, as a Part of Executing quality assurance, they Ought to Think about: 5.19.1 Purpose

The purpose of a host's audit, that will Be independent of and different from regular monitoring or quality control purposes, is to assess trial behavior and compliance with the protocol, SOPs, GCP, and the applicable regulatory requirements.

5.19.2 Selection and Qualification of Auditors

(a) The sponsor must appoint individuals, that are independent of their clinical trials/systems, to run research. (b) The sponsor should make sure that the auditors are qualified by experience and training to conduct audits properly. An auditor's qualifications must be recorded.

5.19.3 Auditing Procedures

(a) The sponsor should ensure that the auditing of clinical trials/systems is conducted with respect to the sponsor's written procedures about which to audit, the way to study, the frequency of analysis, as well as the shape and content of reports. (b) The host's audit program and processes for a trial should be directed by the value of the trial to admissions to regulatory authorities, the amount of subjects from the trial, and the form and complexity of the trial, and the amount of threats to the trial issues, along with also any identified issue (s). (c) The findings and observations of the auditor(s) ought to be documented. (d) To maintain the freedom and importance of the audit function, the regulatory authority(ies) shouldn't routinely ask the audit accounts. Regulatory authority(ies) could find entry to an audit report on a case by case basis if signs of critical GCP non-compliance is present, or even in the course of legal proceeding. (e) If required by applicable law or regulation, the host must offer an audit certification.

5.20 Noncompliance

5.20.1 Noncompliance with all the protocol, SOPs, GCP, or relevant regulatory requirement(s) with an investigator/institution, or from member(s)) of their host's staff should result in prompt action from the host to secure compliance.

5.20.2 in the event the observation and/or auditing describes long-term or serious noncompliance on the part of an investigator/institution, then the host must terminate the employee's /institution's involvement at the trial. Once an investigator's/institution's participation is terminated due to noncompliance, the host must notify immediately the regulatory authority(ies).

5.21 Premature Termination or Suspension of a Trial

When a trial is prematurely terminated or suspended, then the host should immediately inform the investigators/institutions, along with the regulatory authority(ies) of their conclusion or suspension and the reason(s) for the termination or suspension. The IRB/IEC also needs to be advised promptly and given the rationale (s) for the termination or suspension from the host or from the investigator/institution, according to the applicable regulatory requirement(s).

5.22 Clinical Trial/Study Reports When the trial has been completed or terminated, the sponsor should make certain that the clinical trial accounts are prepared and supplied to the regulatory agency(ies) according to the applicable regulatory requirement(s). The host must also make sure that the clinical trial reports in advertising programs meet the criteria of this ICH Guideline for Structure and Content of Clinical Study Reports. (NOTE: The ICH Guideline for Structure and Content of Clinical Study Reports reveal that abbreviated study reports may be appropriate in certain instances.)

5.23 Multicentre Trials For multicentre trials, the sponsor must make sure that:

5.23.1 All researchers conduct this trial from strict compliance with the protocol agreed to by the host and, if necessary, from the regulatory authority(ies), also awarded approval/favorable remark by the IRB/IEC.

5.23.2 The CRFs are made to capture the essential information at all multicentre trial websites. For those researchers that are collecting further information, supplemental CRFs must also be supplied that are intended to capture the extra data.

5.23.3 The duties of coordinating investigator(s) along with another participating investigators are recorded before the beginning of the trial.

5.23.4 All researchers are given directions on after the protocol, to complying with a uniform set of criteria for the evaluation of clinical and laboratory findings, and on finishing the CRFs.

6. But site specific advice might be given on separate protocol page(s), or handled in another agreement, and a few of the info listed below can be included in other protocol referenced documents, including an Investigator's Brochure. Any modification (s) must also bear the amendment number(s) and date(s).

6.1.3 Name and name of the individual (s) authorized to sign the protocol and the protocol change (s) for your host.

6.1.4 Name, name, address, and phone number(s) of their host's medical practitioner (or dentist when appropriate) for the offense.

6.1.5 Name and name of the investigator(s)) who is/are responsible for conducting the trial, along with the address and phone number(s) of the trial site(s).

6.1.6 Name, name, address, and phone number(s)) of the qualified physician (if appropriate), who's accountable for many trial-site associated medical (or dental) decisions (if other than investigator).

6.1.7 Title (s) and address(es) of the clinical laboratory(ies) and other technical or medical section (s) and/or associations involved with the trial.

6.2 Background Information

6.2.1 Title and description of the investigational product(s).

6.2.2 A list of findings in nonclinical studies that potentially have clinical significance and from clinical trials which are linked to this trial.

6.2.3 Summary of the known and possible risks and advantages, if any, to human subjects.

6.2.5 An announcement that the trial will be run in accordance with the protocol, GCP and the applicable regulatory requirement(s).

6.2.6 Description of the population to be researched.

6.2.7 References to literature and information which are related to the trial, which provide background for your trial.

6.3 Trial Objectives and Purpose

A comprehensive outline of the goals and the objectives of the trial.

6.4 Trial Design

The scientific integrity of this trial and the trustworthiness of the information from the trial depend considerably on the trial layout. A description of the trial design, must contain:

6.4.1 A particular statement of the principal endpoints and the secondary endpoints, if any, to be measured throughout the trial.

6.4.2 An outline of this type/design of trial must be performed (e.g. double sided, placebo-controlled( parallel design) and a schematic diagram of trial design, processes and phases.

6.4.3 A description of the measures required to minimize/avoid prejudice, such as: (a) Randomization.

6.4.4 An outline of the trial treatment(s) and the dose and dose regimen of the investigational product(s).

6.4.5 The expected duration of subject participation, and a description of this order and duration of all trial periods, such as followup, if any.

6.4.6 A description of the"stopping rules" or"discontinuation criteria" for different topics, elements of trial and complete trial.

6.4.9 The identification of any data to be recorded directly on the CRFs (i.e. no previous written or electronic record of data), also also to be regarded as source data. (b) The type and timing of this information to be collected for withdrawn subjects. (d) The followup to subjects withdrawn from investigational product treatment/trial therapy.

6.6 Treatment of Topics

6.6.1 The remedy (s) has to be treated, including the name(s) of the item (s), the dose(s), the dosing schedule(s), the route/mode(s) of government, and the treatment period(s), for instance, follow-up interval (s) for subjects for each investigational product treatment/trial therapy group/arm of this trial.

6.6.2 Medicine (s)/treatment(s) permitted (including rescue medication) and not allowed before or throughout the trial.

6.7.2 Methods and timing for assessing, recording, and assessing of efficiency parameters. 6.8.2 The timing and methods for assessing, recording, and assessing safety parameters. 6.8.4 The kind and length of the followup of subjects after adverse events.
6.9 Statistics

6.9.1 A number of the statistical techniques to be employed, including timing of any planned interim analysis(ses).

6.9.2 the amount of subjects planned to be registered.
6.9.3 the degree of importance to be utilized. 6.9.4 Criteria for the conclusion of this trial.

6.9.6 Procedures for reporting any deviation(s) from the original statistical plan (any form (s) from the original statistical plan ought to be clarified and justified from protocol or in the last report( as appropriate).

6.9.7 The choice of topics must be included in the investigations (e.g. all distinct subjects, all dosed subjects, all eligible subjects, evaluable subjects).

6.10 Direct Access to Source Data/Documents The host must ensure it is given in the protocol or other written agreement that the investigator(s)/association (s) will allow trial-related tracking, audits,

IRB/IEC inspection, and regulatory review (s), providing immediate access to supply data/documents.

IRB/IEC inspection, and regulatory review (s), providing immediate access to supply data/documents. 6.13 Data Handling and Record Keeping

6.14 Financing and Insurance Coverage Financing and insurance if not addressed in a separate arrangement.

6.15 Publication Policy Publication policy, if not handled in another agreement. 6.16 Supplements (NOTE: As the protocol along with the clinical trial/study document are closely linked, additional relevant information is found at the ICH Guideline for Structure and Content of Clinical Study Reports.)

INVESTIGATOR'S BROCHURE

7.1 Introduction

The Investigator's Brochure (IB) is a set of the clinical and nonclinical data on the investigational product(s) which relate to the analysis of the merchandise (s) in human subjects. Its objective is to deliver the researchers and others involved with the trial using all the data to facilitate their comprehension of the rationale behind, and their compliance with, several important features of this protocol, like the dosage, dosage frequency/interval, techniques of management: and security monitoring processes. The IB also gives insight to help the clinical direction of their research subjects throughout the course of this clinical trial. The info ought to be displayed in a concise, simple, objective, balanced, and also non-promotional type that allows an individual clinician, or possible investigator, to comprehend it and create his unbiased risk-benefit evaluation of the appropriateness of the planned trial. Because of this a medically qualified individual should normally take part in the screening of an IB, however, the contents of the IB must be accepted by the areas that created the described information. This guideline delineates the minimal information which needs to be contained within an IB and gives tips for its design. It's anticipated that the kind and degree of information available will change with the period of growth of the investigational item. If the investigational product is promoted and its pharmacology is broadly known by medical professionals, a comprehensive IB might not be vital. Where permitted by law enforcement, a fundamental product information booklet, package leaflet, or data could possibly be an proper choice, given that it comprises comprehensive, current, and comprehensive advice on all parts of the investigational product which may be of significance to this investigator. If a promoted product has been analyzed for a new usage (i.e., a brand new sign ), an IB unique to this new use ought to be ready. The IB must be evaluated at least annually and revised as required in accordance with a host's written procedures. More regular revision could be appropriate based on the phase of evolution and the creation of relevant new info. Nonetheless, in accordance with Good Clinical Nutrition, pertinent new information might be so significant that it needs to be conveyed to the researchers, and maybe into the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)/Independent Ethics Committees (IECs) or regulatory governments before it's contained in a revised IB. Usually, the host is responsible for ensuring an up- to-date IB is made accessible for the investigator(s) and the researchers are responsible for supplying the up-to-date IB into the accountable IRBs/IECs. In the instance of a worker sponsored trial, then the sponsor-investigator must find out if a booklet is available in the industrial maker. If the investigational product is supplied by this sponsor-investigator, then they must offer the essential info to the trial staff. In scenarios when planning of a proper IB is impractical, the sponsor-investigator must supply, as a replacement, an enlarged background information element in the trial procedure which includes the minimal present data described within this principle.

7.2 General Considerations the IB should comprise:

7.2.1 Title Page

This ought to offer the host's name, the identification of every investigational product (i.e., study number, compound or accepted generic title, and transaction name(s) where legally permissible and desired by the host), along with also the launch date. It's also suggested an edition number, and a reference to this date and number of the variation that it supersedes, be supplied. A good instance is provided in Appendix 1.

7.2.2 Confidentiality Statement

The sponsor might desire to incorporate a statement instructing the investigator/recipients to take care of the IB as a private record for the only information and usage of this investigator's team along with the IRB/IEC.

7.3 Contents of the Investigator's Brochure

The IB should include these segments, each with literature references where appropriate: 7.3.1 Table of Contents An illustration of the Table of Contents is provided at Appendix 2

7.3.2 Summary

A short summary (preferably not exceeding two pages) ought to be granted, highlighting the substantial physical, chemicaland pharmaceutical, pharmacological, toxicological, pharmacokinetic, metabolic, and clinical data available that's pertinent to this point of clinical development of the investigational item.

7.3.3 Introduction

A short introductory statement ought to be provided that includes the compound name (and generic and trade name(s) when accepted ) of the investigational product(s), all active components, the investigational product (s) pharmacological category and its expected location in this category (e.g. benefits ), the justification for performing study using an investigational product(s), as well as the expected prophylactic, therapeutic, or diagnostic sign (s). At length, the introductory statement must offer the overall strategy to be followed in assessing the investigational item.

7.3.4 Physical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Properties and Formulation

A description ought to be given of this investigational product material (s) (such as the compound or structural formulation (e), plus a succinct summary ought to be due to the applicable physical, chemical, and pharmaceutical properties. To allow proper security measures to be obtained in the duration of this trial, an outline of the formula (s) to be utilized, such as excipients, ought to be supplied and justified when clinically applicable. Directions to the storage and management of this dose form(s) must also be granted. Any similarities with other substances should be noted.

ICH GCP E6 R2
On Mar 8, 2018, the FDA updated ICH E6(R1) with E6(R2) Good Clinical Practice: Integrated Addendum

to ICH E6(R1). Here are some noticeable changes and how they will impact the industry.

1. One of the key improvement is the new definition of a licensed copy of a situation report form (1.11). This improved definition states:"[a] newspaper or digital copy of the first document that's been confirmed (e.g., with a dated signature) or was generated via a validated procedure to make an specific copy using all the very exact features and data as the first." This improvement helps better explain how to ascertain the validity of trial-related documents duplicates, such as source files.

Additionally, the definition of tracking (1.38) has been broadened to incorporate the observation program, which can be described as "[an] outline of these methods, duties, and demands for tracking the trial." The updated definition doesn't call for the monitoring plan for a standalone file, but leaves an expectation that a proper plan is different. In addition, the observation report (1.39) definition has expanded to add "[results] of almost virtually any centralized monitoring also needs to be noted." Nonetheless many patrons now include concentrated monitoring as part of the general monitoring procedures because if this monitoring doesn't happen through a formal onsite observation trip, it might not be satisfactorily documented. The expanded definition will guarantee that patrons produce an account to demonstrate the concentrated monitoring that has been performed.

A number of improvements have been suggested to the Investigator department (part 4). for one, part 4.2.6 has been updated to say:"[in] the event the investigator/institution keeps the assistance of any party to do research jobs, they ought to ensure this celebration is qualified to execute these research jobs and should employ procedures to guarantee the integrity of their analysis jobs completed and any information created." These qualifications and oversight responsibilities weren't explicitly mentioned in the preceding edition, however, clinical trial sponsors anticipated researchers to implicitly stick to those guidelines. The upgraded statements today represent FDA's well- established advice on the pupil's supervisory responsibilities.

The definition of sudden adverse drug response (1.60) currently contains a brand new definition titled "identification of automatic systems" (1.60.1). But, there doesn't appear to be an evident connection between the definition of adverse medication reactions and this definition--"[a] practice of establishing and recording the specified prerequisites of a computerized system may be always fulfilled. An logical step will be to create this new PC validation definition 1.61 then renumber the past two definitions from the Glossary (vulnerable themes and well-being) into 1.62 and 1.63, respectively, and which could possibly be performed when the last record is published.

Part 5.18.6 (Tracking Report) contains a new section (e) that says "[tracking] results should be supplied to the host (such as proper management and personnel accountable for trial and website supervision) in a timely fashion for review and follow up as indicated. Outcomes of monitoring activities must be recorded in enough detail to permit confirmation of compliance with the observation program."

Section 5, Sponsors, comprises substantial adjustments and enhancements. The draft comprised a significant new segment 5.0 (Quality Management), where the notions of quality management, with a focus on risk management, are incorporated into the host's responsibilities. Though risk management procedures are well-known in the healthcare care sector, they have yet to be extensively applied to the preparation and execution of clinical trials. The upgrade will call for clinical trials patrons to start obtaining the essential instruction and tools to establish those principles. Two helpful overall resources include ICH Q9, Quality Risk Management, that will be a high level summary of risk management fundamentals, along with ISO 14971, Application of Risk Management to Medical Devices, a worldwide security standard related to all phases in the life span of a medical apparatus, for example its early growth. While these two records are tailored toward producing hazard management, they can provide useful information related to clinical trial preparation too. Table 1 lists the entire text of this suggested quality control department.

The draft creates no suggested modifications to the Department 3, Institutional Overview Board/Independent Ethics Committee.

In section 4.9, Records and Reports, a fresh introductory announcement (4.9.0) was added which says "[the] investigator must keep accurate and adequate source records and trial documents which have all applicable observations on each of the website's trial topics. Source data ought to be conducive, legible, contemporaneous, first, authentic, and complete. Changes to supply data ought to be traceable, shouldn't obscure the original entrance, and ought to be clarified if required (e.g., through an audit trail)."

Regular review of data that is submitted. Identification of lost information, conflicting data, information outliers, or sudden deficiency of variability and protocol deviations which could possibly be indicative of significant or systematic mistakes in data collection and reporting in a website or through sites, or might be indicative of possible data manipulation or data integrity issues. Utilization of statistical investigations to identify information trends like the consistency and range of information within and across websites. Evaluation of website features and performance metrics. Choice of websites and/or procedures are targeted onsite monitoring.

The previous modification increases section 8.1 (Introduction) the following improvements:"[the] host and investigator/institution need to keep a listing of the place(s) of the individual key documents.’ The storage method (no matter the media used) need to supply for record identification, research, and recovery. Based upon the actions being completed, individual trials will call for additional files not particularly mentioned in the vital document listing. The host or investigator/institution should incorporate these within this trial master document. The host should make sure that the investigator has command of continuous access to the CRF information reported to the host. The host shouldn't have management of these data. When a backup is utilized to replace a first record, the backup should meet the prerequisites for certified copies.

The draft includes several alterations that address fluctuations from the scale, sophistication, and expense of clinical trials because the former version was embraced. Since clinical research workers have access to innovative technologies and risk management procedures that might raise efficacy and concentrate on important clinical research actions, E6 has been amended to promote the implementation of advanced and more effective methods to clinical trial design, conduct, supervision, documenting, and reporting, while still ensuring human subject security and information integrity are preserved. Additionally, the upgrade includes changes to describe criteria on electronic documents and documents that are essential. In the end, the new record is intended to assist clinical research protect human areas, keep data integrity and quality, and correctly record trial benefits. This guide will emphasize the vital changes that impact research professionals. These alterations are anticipated to be assessed and approved inside ICH and then integrated into the E6 record from the end of 2016.

Revisions to the segment on tracking (5.18) reflect a stronger dependence on risk-based observation. The revisions include the components in the FDA's recent advice on risk-based observation. These alterations have been noted in part 5.18.3 (Extent and Nature of Monitoring) and comprise these improvements:"The host must create a systematic, guaranteed, risk-based method of tracking clinical trials. The flexibility at the scope and character of monitoring described in this section is meant to enable diverse approaches that enhance the efficacy and efficiency of observation. A combo of onsite and concentrated monitoring actions could be proper. The sponsor must file the rationale behind the selected observation approach (e.g., from the monitoring program )."

Part 5.20 (Noncompliance) comes with an augmentation which reflects regulatory ability expectations which patrons will try to recognize the root of non-compliance at a strong way and execute effective corrective and preventative strategies. The new segment (5.20.1) says:"[when] important noncompliance is found, the host must execute a root cause investigation and execute appropriate corrective and preventative actions. When required by law or regulation, then the host must notify the regulatory authority(ies) whenever the noncompliance is a severe violation of the trial procedure or GCP."

The draft also suggested a new segment 5.18.7 (Monitoring Plan) that says:"The host must develop a monitoring program that's tailored to the particular human subject security and information integrity risks of this trial. The program must describe the monitoring approach, the monitoring responsibilities of all of the parties involved, the a variety of tracking methods to be utilized, and the justification for their usage. The program should also highlight the observation of essential data and procedures. Particular care ought to be given to all these aspects which aren't regular clinical practice which need further training. The monitoring program should reference the related policies and processes."

Section 5.2, Contract Research Organization (CRO)also comprises two suggested changes that need sponsors to have a more active part in tackling their CROs. Section 5.2.1 was improved with the following announcement:"[the] host must ensure oversight of almost any trial-related responsibilities and works performed on its own behalf." Section 5.2.2 was improved with the following announcement:"[the] host must record approval of some subcontracting of all trial-related responsibilities and works with a CRO." This is very related to small and startup manufacturers which rely heavily upon CROs for handling all or most trial-related pursuits. The modifications state that patrons might not abdicate this duty and have to have a more active part in their supervision of the CROs.

Additionally, the ICH Upgrades underline the usage of centralized tracking as a vital approach to match and lower the frequency or extent of onsite observation.

Section 5.5.3 (b) is modified to describe expectations for normal operating procedures (SOPs) for digital data systems and handling. The proposed language says"[the] SOPs must pay for system installation, setup, and usage. The SOPs must explain system identification and performance testing, information collection and handling, program maintenance and system safety measures, shift management, information backup, recovery, contingency planning, and decommissioning. The obligations of the sponsor, employee, as well as other parties connected to the usage of those unmanned systems ought to be apparent, and the consumers must be supplied with instruction in the usage of their systems." The draft also comes with a brand new announcement 5.5.3 (h), which says that patrons are predicted to"[ensure] that the integrity of their information containing any information that explain the context, content, and arrangement of their information." This inclusion is very important whenever making modifications to the automatic systems, including software upgrades or migration of information.

Clinical Research Associate: A Full Guide on Becoming A CRA

Clinical Research Associate

A Complete Guide on How to Become a Clinical Research Associate

• Over 1.9 million students receive a bachelors of science every year. While a few go on to PhD, Masters, and Medical programs; many are ready to start clinical research certification online to start a career in the frontiers of medical research and patient care.

• As a new student applying to the science job market, you may only find internships or recognize that even entry-level science jobs requires 1-2 years of experience. More so, you may realize many of these jobs require intense labor in the lab or just did not meet your expectations for your science degree.

• This is why a career as a CRA should be considered with clinical research coordinator training. We train over 500 students each month in clinical research coordinator training and clinical research associate training (depending on prior background).

• For those who have always wanted a career in medicine or have a gap year before medical school; Clinical Research Training is the next step to getting a head start in your career.

• Because the position is unlike actually working in the lab and more of a management role; you get 1-on-1 connections with physicians and medical staff that can lead to a better application for medical school and other medical careers later on.

• Best of all; many of these positions accept remote staff (and some allow you to travel 45-75% with full expenses including travel, accommodation, meals, and other per-dime expenses covered).

• Clinical Research Training can help you save money while also increasing your salary. CRA’s with our level of training can expect to make between $6,500-$12,000 a month with an estimated promotion rate of 33% a year: an amount that is uncommon in other science-degree careers.

  CCRPS is one of the only major US-based ACCRE, ACCME, ANCC, ACPE, and Transcelerate Biopharma accredited CRA certification courses that accepts students with no prior background for certification. T

• his is because our course is thorough and created by Senior CRAs who have been in the field for long enough to understand what you need to know to begin working and applying. The course can be completed in as little as 7 days with dedicated full-day study time.

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Clinical Research Associate Certification Qualifications

Foreign Doctors Welcome: A Clinical Research Associate or Coordinator plays a vital role in directing and supervising clinical trials conducted by physicians, nurses, and other science professionals. This career path is particularly attractive to many foreign doctors with completed medical degrees (MBBS) who can utilize their expertise in the US healthcare system by pursuing a CRA career instead of taking the USMLE or repeating residency training. For those interested in coordinating aspects, consider the Clinical Research Coordinator course.

Distinct Skillset: Unlike the traditional medical field you may be familiar with after years of schooling, Clinical Research Associate training provides a distinct and valuable skillset. For comprehensive understanding of Good Clinical Practice, see the ICH-GCP course.

Most Extensive Online Course: Our program goes beyond basic introductions, offering a comprehensive curriculum with over 110 modules – the most extensive Clinical Research Associate course available online. This in-depth training ensures you're well-prepared to secure a coveted CRA position.

Superior Coursework: Securing a CRA role is a strategic career move compared to the limitations of many traditional medical positions. While generic courses abound, we've observed that graduates often struggle due to a lack of substantive content. Our Clinical Research Associate course addresses this gap by providing Senior Clinical Research Associate-level training through 110 intensive modules grounded in the latest scientific principles. For those looking to assist in clinical trials, the Clinical Trials Assistant Training may also be of interest.

Diverse Career Opportunities: This high-demand science-based medical field offers diverse opportunities:

• Work in the Private Sector: Pursue a CRA career with renowned pharmaceutical companies like Pfizer. Enhance your skills with the Advanced Clinical Research Project Manager Certification.

• Academic Opportunities: Work in the academic sphere at medical schools. Those aiming for higher responsibilities may consider the Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification.

Unmatched Flexibility and Knowledge: In addition to our exceptional course content, we boast the largest number of clinical research courses available online, providing you with unmatched flexibility and knowledge. For those interested in safety monitoring of drugs, the Pharmacovigilance Certification and Medical Monitor Certification can enhance your capabilities in these critical areas.

Why Take A CRA Certification Course

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•  The role of the clinical research associate is to ensure that medical devices, new treatments and new drugs are approved for patients' use.

• This field is taken as a certificate program course in many schools. For example, you may find associate degree programs. These programs can be completed in two years and can be offered through both the online and the hybrid formats. Hybrid formats combine both online and on-campus courses together.

• If you opt for a fully online program, you can still get an immersive education. Different platforms like emails and discussion boards are used to ensure and promote interaction between the students as well as the lecturers.

• Online learning platforms are used to upload the syllabus, course materials, lectures and assignments. Some online programs include field work as part of their requirements, in order for students to gain first hand experience working with clinical trials and patients. Depending on the school, they may have a list of approved clinical research institutes and other facilities. Otherwise, you will have to find a facility for yourself and get the school's approval.

• These certificate programs are generally designed for professionals that are already in the medical fields (like medical assistants or nurses) and are interested in moving to the field of clinical research.

• They may therefore ask for a copy of your CV or resumé or they may ask for a letter from your employers to verify that you have the needed medical experience. Some programs may require just an undergraduate degree in a medical science or life science related field.

• Clinical research associates are trained to assist clinical researchers and investigators in the coordination, administration and management of clinical trials.

• During this training, different courses will be taught revolving around subjects like safety procedures, subject recruitment, regulatory requirements, drug development, accountability, trial management, medical terminology etc.

• The importance of the role of the clinical research associate means that companies that conduct clinical trials are usually very selective. The need to comply with strict regulations often inform their decision when making a choice of their clinical research associate. It is therefore very difficult to get a job as a clinical research associate without previous experience in clinical trials.

• Many companies require around at least two years experience in clinical monitoring as a clinical project assistant or clinical trial administrator before considering applicants for this important role.

• In applying for the post of a clinical research associate, ensure that you read the job description and indicate or highlights the relevant experience on your curriculum vitae. Your cover letter should be specific to the company you're applying to.

• Do not use a one-for-all cover letter. Personalize your cover letter to each company and highlight the skills that fit the specific requirements of the role. Not all companies advertise their vacancies, so you can try to find out about other unadvertised vacancies, you might increase your chances.

• Further certification can enhance your resume such as the ACCRE accredited CRA program which contains 110 learning modules for Clinical Research Associate Training and Placement

The Best CRA Certification Course For Entry-Levels

• There is a huge shortage of well-trained CRAs, but many companies are reluctant to hire untrained entry-level clinical monitors because of patient and trial safety. Because of this, even the beginner entry-level jobs require certification or training.

• Our program is considered one of the top clinical research graduate programs online. Most courses provide very light training that may look good because of the company names, but alone is not sufficient to pass the interview rounds a company conducts.

• Because our modules are prepared help even Senior Clinical Research Associates, we find more of our students with no background quickly passing their interview rounds.

• CCRPS Course covers double to triple the amount of course content than other courses. While many courses are simply 5-20 simple interactive modules, our course covers 140 dense modules in thorough detail.

• After each session, students can ask their questions privately with the course instructor, all of whom have 15+ years of CRA experience.

• Currently, 82% of our students are hired within the first month of taking the course. Students with limited background or those looking to gain extra experience are offered a remote internship of up to 6 months during the time they are interviewing.

• This advantage allows many students with limited experience to get hired with a higher paying job than previously offered.

• While a majority of our students are physicians, a majority of the CRA workforce are Science Grads and Nurses. nonetheless, we train all students at a Senior CRA level regardless of background because clinical research monitoring is vastly different from any lab or science course you may have taken.

• Clinical research associates are given the protocol of a study including all medical protocol that must be followed but because they do not diagnose or treat. Medical knowledge is supplemental but not sufficient in this career path.

• This is the main reason why our Clinical Research Training includes all possible scenarios you may face at the protocol and guideline level in your future company.

  How To Get Experience For Clinical Research Associate Jobs

CCRPS, like other educational institutes, is only associated with educating and certifying clinical research professionals so we do not provide job placement. We want to make sure you apply with your best foot forward. Below are links we readily refer to graduates who are looking for job support. Having a great CV and cover letter are essential to applying for jobs. Recruiters are paid by the company which hires you and thus are free for searching employees. Be realistic but also be driven. Make sure you get continue reaching out until you get a true rejection from any job you apply to as they may never have seen your application if you received no response.

Clinical Research Job Advising: Kunal at ClinicalTrialPodcast

Free Resume Review: TopCV TopCV provides a free review and feedback for your current resume.

Resume Distribution: ResumeRabbit Resume rabbit distributes your resume to 60 job posting sites.

Clinical Research Recruiters: I-Recruit I-Recruit distributes your resume to clinical research recruiters.

Clinical Research Job Bulletin: Indeed Indeed usually provides the most uptodate job bulletin for clinical research jobs

Always use a cover letter specific for the company and job when applying if you are not using a recruiter.

The ICH-GCP in Clinical Research

• Regardless of the type of clinical research or function of an IP being tested, it is important that clinical research should meet two critical criteria:

  • The clinical research process should respect the rights, freedom and dignity of tested patients (human participants).

  • Data from the clinical research process should be accurately collected, safely stored, rigorously scrutinized and correctly interpreted.

  • One way to ensure that these requirements are met is to follow a set of internationally recognized and accepted standards for clinical research. 

• Most countries across the world today follow ICH-GCP, that is, International Committee for Harmonization of Good Clinical Practice guidelines in conducting clinical research on human participants7.

  • The ICH-GCP outlines procedures and precautions that are essential in order to protect the safety and wellbeing of human research participants during clinical research, and to ensure the integrity of data from clinical research studies.

  • In the USA, clinical studies are required to comply with the FDA Guidance for Good Clinical Practice, outlined in a document titled ‘E6(R2) Good Clinical Practice: Integrated Addendum to E6(R1)’8.

• Regardless of the type of clinical research or function of an IP being tested, it is important that clinical research should meet two critical criteria:

  • The clinical research process should respect the rights, freedom and dignity of tested patients (human participants).

  • Data from the clinical research process should be accurately collected, safely stored, rigorously scrutinized and correctly interpreted.

• One way to ensure that these requirements are met is to follow a set of internationally recognized and accepted standards for clinical research. 

• Most countries across the world today follow ICH-GCP, that is, International Committee for Harmonization of Good Clinical Practice guidelines in conducting clinical research on human participants7.

  • The ICH-GCP outlines procedures and precautions that are essential in order to protect the safety and wellbeing of human research participants during clinical research, and to ensure the integrity of data from clinical research studies.

    • In the USA, clinical studies are required to comply with the FDA Guidance for Good Clinical Practice, outlined in a document titled ‘E6(R2) Good Clinical Practice: Integrated Addendum to E6(R1)’8.z

Qualifications and Qualities of a CRA

1. According to the International Accrediting Organization for Clinical Research (IAOCR), candidates for CRA positions usually hold either a biological science degree, or one in medicine or nursing10. 

2. The New Scientist recommends that aspiring CRAs should possess a good working knowledge of one or more of the following subjects – anatomy, biology, biochemistry, chemistry, immunology, microbiology, pharmacology, physiology or toxicology11.

3. In addition to a background in medical or life sciences, a CRA is required to have a good grasp of data management, including Electronic Data Capture (EDC), data analytics and reporting12.

4. Sketching the CRA work profile, the authors Diane St. Germain and Marjorie Good state that CRAs are the ones who scrutinize clinical study data most closely from start to finish—as a result, they are often the first to notice critical patterns and interesting trends, and to report these to the research team as well as to the CRO13.

5. Equally if not more importantly, a CRA must possess a high level of emotional and interpersonal savvy. This is a crucial area, since a CRA’s success hinges upon his/her ability to elicit the best from team members, in terms of both performance and probity. 

Core Competency Framework for CRAs

To illustrate, the ACRP’s ‘Core Competency

Framework for Clinical Study Monitoring’

requires that a CRA should be able to identify

and correct compliance violations at a study

site. The CRA must not only bring such

violations to the attention of site staff, s/he

must induce them to take corrective action,

as well as reporting the matter and even

escalating it, where necessary14.

The table below summarizes the ideal

competencies of a CRA, and provides

insights on how each ability contributes to

the CRA’s performance.

CRA Career Path

1. In the past, CRA positions were often filled by individuals with medical or nursing backgrounds, with little thought given to their lack of research training15. As awareness grew about the importance of research experience for a CRA, employers began preferring those with years of experience in clinical research settings, such as Clinical Trials Assistants (CTAs) and Clinical Research Coordinators (CRCs)16.

2. However, in recent years, the focus has shifted once again from a tenure-based mindset to a skills-based evaluation17. In part, this change has been brought about by the growth in professional courses and training programs in the field. 

3. For instance, many leading US Universities today offer master’s programs in clinical research18. In addition, there are some widely recognized certification programs for clinical research associates, such as those offered by the ACRP19 and the Society of Clinical Research Associates (SOCRA) 20.

4. Note: You must already be working as a CRA to qualify for the ACRP and SOCRA certification programs.

A Toe in the Door: CRA Certification for a Non-CRA

• By this point, you might be wondering, “I have no research experience… I’ve never worked as a Clinical Trials Assistant (CTA) or as a Clinical Research Coordinator (CRC). Nor do I have a degree in Clinical Research. Can I still become a CRA?”

• The simple answer is, yes, you can.

• You might be a life sciences graduate looking for a lucrative career in the pharmaceutical or biotechnology sectors. Or, you’re excited by a career in research, but unsure whether the drudgery of a Ph.D. is your thing.

• Maybe you’re just looking for a job that represents a great option for someone with your combo of science background plus detail-orientedness.

• Whichever of these descriptions best applies to you, a career as a Clinical Research Associate could be exactly right for you.

• With the right training, you can be recruited directly to a Clinical Research Associate position, even without a background in clinical research.

• So, what kind of training will help me break through the ‘experience’ barrier and land a job as a CRA?

• As you’ve already gathered from the table, the skill-set required to be a successful CRA is pretty extensive.

• Aside from an in-depth knowledge of scientific and medical concepts and principles, a CRA must have a sound grasp of medical research regulatory requirements, a penchant for being thorough and systematic, as well as a knack for coordinating and managing people with diverse skills, roles and backgrounds.

• To our knowledge, CCRPC’s ‘Advanced Clinical Research Associate Certification’ (ACRAC) is one of a kind: The ACRAC is the only multi-accredited* certification program in the US that offers the kind of exhaustive as well as intensive training that equips candidates from a non-clinical background with the abilities and competencies that make a good CRA.

• Best of all? The ACRAC is open to fresh graduates holding a B.S. degree in any of the life sciences, with no requirement for prior exposure or experience in clinical research.

• *The ACRAC program offered by CCRPC is accredited to ACCRE (Accreditation Council for Clinical Research & Education), ACCME (Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education), ACPE (Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education), ANCC (American Nurses Credentialing Center), as well as Transcelerate Biopharma.

Training to be a CRA through CCRPS ACRAC

The ACRAC program includes over 100 course modules that cover all the important knowledge domains and skill-sets required by a CRA.

• Designed for a total study time of approximately 250 hours, this training program can be completed at your own pace, or, for those able to dedicate the whole day to study, in as little as two to three weeks.

• Starting with a broad overview of clinical research jargon and terminology, the course walks students through the principles of Good Clinical Practice, familiarizing you with the relevant sections of the ICH-GCP and the FDA’s E6(R2).

• The program places particular emphasis on ethical practices in research with vulnerable populations.

• Students going through the ACRAC are trained in all major aspects of designing a Clinical Trial Protocol in keeping with the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).

• They additionally learn the steps involved in the IRB/IEC approvals process and how to prepare required documents.

• Finally, students become aware of the importance of pharmacovigilance and the regulatory process for new drug testing.

• A major chunk of the ACRAC certification centers around equipping the CRA for day-to-day responsibilities, such as different types of site visits – preliminary (Site Qualification), preparatory (Site Initiation) and progress monitoring visits (Routine Monitoring).

• Crucially, the ACRAC covers essential documentation such as the Case Report Form and Trial Master File, as well as electronic data capture (EDC) and remote monitoring systems.

• A vital component of the training program involves empowering students to tackle challenging situations.

• For a CRA, these include identifying protocol deviations and violations, and recognizing as well as reporting research fraud and ethical misconduct.

• In addition to its comprehensive coverage, the ACRAC certification offers the great advantage of including 17.5 CME credits – that is, course credits that count towards ‘Continuing Medical Education’.

• These credits can be used by individuals desiring to further their education and/or careers in healthcare-related fields, including medicine, nursing, pharmacy and research.
  

Clinical Research Associate Training

Get ahead in clinical research with advanced accredited online CRA certification for $450. Demo our on-demand course below.

Clinical Research Associate Certification

Advanced Clinical Research Associate Certification (ACRAC)

Chapter 1: Introduction

This chapter orients you to the concept of Continuing Medical Education (CME) and outlines how the CCRPS CRA program contents meets AMA requirements for CME. Given that, across the US, physician practitioners are required to complete between 20 and 50 hours of CME credits yearly, the ACCME-accredited CCRPS CRA course can be used not only to build knowledge and skills in the field of clinical trial management, but also to further a successful medical career. Additionally, the introductory chapter introduces you to the clinical terminology and abbreviations commonly encountered in clinical research, for example, Investigational Product (IP), Good Clinical Practice (GCP), Institutional Review Board (IRB) and so on. 

Chapter 2: Roles and Relationships in Clinical Trials

The unit presents the foundational background to beginning and building a career as a clinical research associate (CRA). As you know, a CRA plays a critical role in setting up as well as monitoring the clinical trials process for an investigational product or IP – a medical drug or device under development. In this unit, you will learn how a CRA interacts with other stakeholders, including the Clinical Research Organization (CRO) or Sponsor of the clinical trials, the Principal Investigator (PI) as well as other research site staff, the trials monitoring team including the Clinical Research Coordinator (CRC),other CRAs and the Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB), as well as the research ethics committee (Institutional Review Board or IRB).

Chapter 3: Sponsor and Investigator Roles

In this unit, you will gain insight into the ICH-GCP guidelines, particularly addendum E6, sections 2 through 5, which outline procedures and precautions essential for protecting the safety and wellbeing of human research participants during clinical research. These include guidelines for obtaining informed consent from human subjects, maintenance of trial records, reporting of compliance, safety and research progress, as well as procedures for suspension or termination of the trials process. The chapter familiarizes you with the critical importance of monitoring for Adverse Events (AEs), including types of AEs and regulations for documentation and reporting.

Chapter 4: Clinical Trial Design

In this chapter, you will acquire insight into the different phases of the clinical trials process, from the pre-clinical phase through Phases 0 to 4 of clinical testing. The unit will familiarize you with important concepts of clinical trials, such as the structure and goals of each phase of clinical trials, approaches to dosing, toxicology of pharmaceutical products, in vitro and in vivo testing, dose escalation and so on. Finally, the chapter reviews the FDA’s drug approval process.

Chapter 5: ICH-GCP – Overview

The chapter dives deep into GCP, including a review of the history of medical research leading up to the ICH-GCP. The unit covers all four QSEM categories of the guidelines for ensuring Quality, Safety and Efficacy of the IP, as well as  Multidisciplinary guidelines (mainly pertaining to documentation and electronic data safety standards). In addition, the chapter includes an overview of MedDRA software that provides a standardized system of terminology and notation for documenting clinical research, as well as principles of budgeting for clinical trials.

Chapter 6: Ethical Research in Vulnerable Populations

The unit provides a detailed walk-through of the regulations and compliance requirements for conducting clinical trials with human subjects who meet the definition of a ‘vulnerable population’, including pregnant women and fetuses, children, mentally incapacitated individuals (those with cognitive functioning impaired by neurolopsychological conditions or chronic substance abuse), as well as prisoners. You will acquire familiarity with the challenges of research in such populations, including the requirement for parental consent, fair but not excessive incentive, justifiable deception or incomplete disclosure, coercive practices and so forth.

Chapter 7: Adverse Events

Through this module, you will gain a bird’s eye view of the protocol for documenting, reporting and responding to AEs or adverse events during the clinical trials process. The unit covers concepts such as expectedness, severity and seriousness of AEs, Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) as a sub-category of AEs, Investigational New Drug or IND reports, causality analysis for AEs and so on. In addition, the chapter reviews the responsibilities of both research sponsors as well as IRBs in sharing AE information with subjects. 

Chapter 8: Clinical Trial Protocol

The chapter provides an in-depth tutorial on the structure and elements of a CTP or clinical trial protocol, as well as guidelines on writing a CTP. Important concepts reviewed include study Risk Benefit Analysis (RBA), study sample statistics (sample size, statistical power, plan for data analysis), risk management and study administration. Additionally, the module covers concepts central to study sample selection, addressing inclusion and exclusion criteria, especially safety and ethics considerations in sampling. 

Chapter 9: Protocol Deviations and Violations

Through this unit, you will gain familiarity with the many potential causes of protocol deviations and violations, learning to distinguish between minor (deviations) and major departures or violations of protocol. Content provides understanding of the most commonly occurring violations, including both minor (off-schedule subject assessments, subjects’ use of prohibited drugs, and so on) as well as major violations (failure to obtain informed consent, failure to report AEs and so forth). Further, the chapter reviews principles for reporting protocol deviations, IRB approval for planned deviations and related concepts. 

Chapter 10: IRB and DSMB

This chapter briefly reviews the history of IRBs and examines the principles guiding IRB decision-making. In addition, the unit discusses recent developments in compliance, including sIRB (single IRB) and SmartIRB for institutions that are part of the CTSA (Clinical and Translational Science Awards). The bulk of this module dives into the categories of IRB review, including full board and expedited review, examining criteria for review exemption such as educational or purely behavioral research, as well as studies collecting identifiable data, surveys and interviews.   

Chapter 11: Review Questions

The module provides a self-assessment tool by including questions that review the content covered in previous chapters. The set of 71 questions examines all aspects of ICH-GCP previously discussed.

Chapter 12: Site Monitoring Visits

In this module, an overview is provided of the different types of site monitoring visits, including site selection or qualification visit, study initiation visit, routine or progress monitoring visit, as well as study termination or close-out visit. Important concepts discussed include pre-qualification preparations and site feasibility assessment as well as study monitoring criteria (data omission, incorrect entries, inaccurate calculations, documentation of corrections and so on). For each type of site monitoring visit, the chapter reviews relevant documentation.

Chapter 13: Site Qualification Visit (SQV)

The chapter gives an in-depth understanding of the stages and steps involved in selecting a study site. Elements reviewed within the module include the process of investigator selection and criteria for site evaluation (the four P’s: Patient, Protocol, Performance, Profit). Importantly, the module reviews the most common errors in feasibility assessment, including overestimation of sample availability at site, selection of site staff with low motivation, poor-performing sites owing to high competition for personnel and resources (for example, owing to multiple studies running on a single site), and so on.  

Chapter 14: Site Initiation Visit (SIV)

The module dives into the details of an SIV or site initiation visit. You will review the procedure for pre-SIV preparation, including filing for IRB and other necessary approvals, permits and licenses. Additionally, the chapter examines elements of the SIV agenda, mainly orientation and training of site staff, creation of important study-related documents such as the Trial Master File (TMF) and post-SIV filing of compliance documents such as FDA form 1572 and Financial Disclosure Form (FDF) for relevant site personnel. 

Chapter 15: Routine Monitoring Visit (RMV)

In this unit, the elements of a routine or periodic monitoring visit are discussed in detail. You will become familiar with the agenda of an RMV, which prioritizes receiving updates on AEs from site staff (incidence, documentation, seriousness and so on), as well as oversight of the overall progress of trials. The chapter covers different approaches to site monitoring, contrasting traditional (full-scale) monitoring with risk-based monitoring (RBM), as well as comparing on-site monitoring with remote monitoring. A crucial concept addressed by the unit is Source Data Verification (SDV), which is central to obtaining meaningful, high-quality data from clinical trials.

Chapter 16: Site Close-Out Visit (SCOV)

The module gives you a comprehensive overview of the protocol and procedures involved in terminating or closing out a trial site. Aspects covered in the chapter include pre-SCOV preparations such as IRB notification and schedule coordination among site staff (PI, other investigators, medical staff) and monitoring team (CRC, CRAs and so on), agenda for an SCOV – drug inventory management, database verification and lockdown, subject intimation and completion of all subject-related documents, staff-related documentation as well as other administrative tasks including close-out report compilation.

Chapter 17: Tools for Monitoring Visits

This unit outlines a host of tips and tools that can help a CRA in successfully tackling the complex process of monitoring clinical trials. The chapter lists numerous physical accessories you can use for effective monitoring, including scheduling and calculation aids, ready reckoners for drug information and medical terminology, as well as document templates to speed up the process of obtaining trial updates while also serving as checklists for the site visit agenda. Additionally, the unit highlights helpful strategies that a CRA can use to ensure that site visits go smoothly, from travel advice to team-building suggestions. 

Chapter 18: Audit and Inspections

The module deals with one of the most crucial and often most feared aspects of a CRA’s career – audits and inspections by the CRO (sponsor), FDA or other regulatory authority. Starting from the basic distinction between an audit and an inspection, the chapter covers in detail the protocols for both audits and inspections. Crucially, the chapter will enable you to grasp the difference between a routine audit/ inspection and a ‘for-cause’ audit/ inspection. Further, it lays out the sequence of an FDA inspection in full (including a detailed walk-through of the FDA BIMO or Biomedical Research Monitoring Program inspection), and provides important guidelines on the do’s and dont’s for CRAs during an audit/ inspection, such as the critical ‘3 to 5 minute rule’. You will acquire familiarity with important audit and inspection-related documents such as FDA Form 482 (Notice of Inspection) and Form 483 (Notice of Observation) as well as the Establishment Inspection Report (EIR) prepared by the auditor/ inspector. Finally, you will gain insight into the classes of observations provided in an EIR, including NAI (no action indicated), VAI (voluntary action indicated) and OAI (official action indicated)—the last is commonly termed an ‘FDA warning letter’.

Chapter 19: Review Questions

The unit contains a self-assessment tool comprising 65 questions that review the content covered in previous chapters, as well as a 15-item quiz. Questions and quiz examine all aspects of clinical trial quality monitoring, including monitoring visits, tools as well as audits and inspections.

Chapter 20: SDV and Informed Consent

In this chapter, the ICH-GCP section 4.8 guidelines on obtaining informed consent from subjects are discussed in detail, highlighting the need for using non-technical language, transparent delineation of risks, consent without undue influence, obtaining consent (and assent) from minors and their Legally Acceptable Representatives (LARs), as well as consent from non-English speakers and sedated subjects. The chapter additionally covers important aspects of Source Data Verification (SDV) with respect to electronic as well as paper-based medical records, and highlights the central goal of SDV, which is to conform to ICH-GCP requirements that subject trial data (as recorded in Case Report Forms or CRFs) must correspond to source data (previous medical records).

Chapter 21: Case Report Form

The module provides an in-depth tutorial on the structure and elements of a Case Report Form or CRF, including the different forms for PI verification, subject enrollment, eligibility and randomization, medical history, physical examination and laboratory data, compliance, adverse events and so on. In addition, the chapter outlines important data notation rules, such as the use of accepted acronyms (‘ND’ for missing data and ‘UNK’ for unknown information, MM-DD-YY format, time-stamp data and so forth), as well as guidelines for the design of CRFs (such as consistency of notation, avoidance of data fields that can be computed and of duplicate data fields and so on).

Chapter 22: Quality Control and Safety

Within this unit, you will learn the central concepts of Quality Control (QC) in the context of clinical trials, including definitions of QC and its relationship with the complementary process of Quality Assurance (QA), the use of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in QC, need for a Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA) plan and so on. Additionally, the module examines the QA process, focusing on the central role of RBM or risk-based monitoring in present-day QA as well as providing guidelines on Quality Metrics (QMs) for evaluating the trials process. The chapter also reviews ICH-GCP guidelines on subject safety, underlining risk-benefit assessment, stoppage rules (for instance, in case of SAEs) and reporting responsibilities. Finally, it introduces the FDA’s Human Research Protection Program (HRPP) as a platform that provides training and support for personnel involved in clinical trials.

Chapter 23: Technology in Trials

In this chapter, an in-depth tutorial is provided of the systems used in modern clinical trials for Electronic Data Capture (EDC) and database management. Systems such as Interactive Response Technologies (IRTs) including IVRS and IWRS (Interactive Voice and Web Response Systems, respectively) as well as RTSM systems for Randomization and Trial Supply Management are examined.  The unit reviews the benefits of standardized data management and data sharing, approaches to database management and the concept of an Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC). Critical elements of data integrity, such as proper anonymisation and coding, completeness of data, data safety precautions and logging of site visits and other progress reports are highlighted. The unit further examines the essential features of a good Clinical Data Management (CDM) system that complies with FDA CFR Title 21 and HIPAA regulations, such as setting access privileges, tracking changes and updates, data security and locking, flagging and reconciliation of AEs and so forth. Finally, the chapter looks at CTMSs (Clinical Trial Management Systems) in depth, covering the aspects that allow management of day-to-day trials in multi-site studies. 

Chapter 24: Modernized Monitoring (Remote, Risk-based, Centralized)

 This chapter offers a detailed walk-through of modern, remote monitoring of clinical trials, which evolved into a full-fledged system in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Important concepts discussed include the critical site initiation process, Electronic Source Data Verification (ESDV) and FDA regulatory guidance for remote monitoring of clinical trials. In this module, you will learn how FDA’s ALCOA (Attributable, Legible, Contemporaneous, Original and Accurate) criteria for data quality have been adapted to remote monitoring. Further, the unit discusses how HIPAA compliance in remote monitoring is achieved by using limited data sets (wherein sensitive individual information is concealed through anonymous subject codes) regulated by data use agreements. Finally, the unit examines how risk-based monitoring approaches have allowed centralized monitoring to evolve into a cost-effective and safe method for clinical trial monitoring.

Chapter 25: Pharmacovigilance and Regulatory Affairs

Through this unit, you will gain insight into the process and rationale behind pharmacovigilance (PV) and its central role in the clinical trials process. The chapter reviews the statistics on AEs, distinguishes between Type A and Type B AEs, and profiles seriousness of ADRs or Adverse Drug Reactions as well as the iGuard Drug Risk Rating System. Importantly, the unit covers ADR causality assessment in detail, including both severity and probability assessment. An important element of PV addressed in this module is the Individual Case Safety Report (ICSR), its structure, content and role in trial monitoring. Other concepts discussed include types of PV inspections (routine vs. ‘for cause’), PSURs or Periodic Safety Update Reports and study criteria for instituting DSMBs (Data Safety Management Boards). Finally, the module also reviews the domain of Regulatory Affairs (RA) as a function of PV, outlining roles and responsibilities of RA personnel as well as the importance of RA in streamlining the process of drug development by ensuring compliance throughout manufacturing, clinical trials, marketing and advertising.

Chapter 26: Investigational Product

In this chapter, an in-depth review is provided of the protocol for receiving, storing and dispensing the IP or investigational product. At every stage, guidelines lay down strategies for ensuring verifiability, accountability and safety of both study subjects and staff. Thus, IP handling precautions include the need for logging date of manufacture, temperature throughout transit, as well as batch number and individual unit numbers (such as bottle or tube identifiers) carefully and accurately, as well as recording shipping details and filing shipping receipts. Additionally, the unit addresses the need for IP dispensing precautions, such as limiting dispensation to authorized personnel only, as well as maintaining individual subject IP logs.

Chapter 27: Local and Central Labs

The module profiles the evolution of lab testing in clinical trials, from error-prone localized laboratory testing to centralized testing that allows homogeneity of testing procedures and measurements, thus minimizing errors and improving outcomes. The chapter reviews standards for clinical trial laboratories as per the GLCP (Good Clinical Laboratory Practice) and CLIA norms (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments), as well as providing guidelines for lab audits, including fire safety, protective gear, staff training and so forth.

Chapter 28: Review Questions

The unit contains a self-assessment tool comprising 65 questions that review the content covered in previous chapters, as well as a 15-item quiz. Questions and quiz examine all aspects of trial documentation (SDV, CRF, ICSR), quality control, pharmacovigilance, as well as IP and lab guidelines.

Chapter 29: Regulatory Documents in Clinical Trials

The chapter reviews essential documentation to be created and maintained throughout the course of the clinical trials, including the Trial Master File (TMF), FDA forms 1571, 1572, 3674, 3454/3455 and CFR Title 21 Form 312, besides ethics approval documents such as the IRB-approved protocol, informed consent form, subject education and study advertising materials. You will acquire in-depth familiarity with each of these forms, and learn the importance of maintaining and updating records, for example by incorporating IRB revisions and amendments, periodic renewals of permissions and licenses and copies of submitted reports. In addition, the unit summarizes the need for filing documents outlining study- and site-specific procedures, including SOP (Standard Operating Procedure), MOP (Manual of Procedures), Investigator Brochure (IB), Delegation of Authority Log (DOAL), site staff CVs, SAE notifications, logs of subject screening and enrollment, IP storage (temperature, humidity, etc.) and all relevant study parameters.

Chapter 30: CFR Title 21 Part 11 – Electronic Signatures

This unit gives you an overview of Title 21 of the FDA Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), including Chapter 1 sections on informed consent (Section 50), IRB approval (Section 56) and so on, Series on food (100), pharmaceuticals (200 and 300) and so on, as well as FDA Drug Schedules. The major part of the module focuses on Part 11 which deals with Electronic Records and Electronic Signatures (ERES), laying down the criteria for determining safety and reliability (trustworthiness) of electronic data and signatures.

Chapter 31: New Drug Application

Through this module, you will gain knowledge of the FDA process for evaluating a drug under development, and the role of a CRA in streamlining this process. An important distinction covered here is the difference between an IND (Investigational New Drug) and an NDA (New Drug Application). The chapter discusses in-depth the criteria used in evaluating an IND, including toxicology and pharmacokinetics data, as well as requirements for different drug classes (oncology vs. non-oncology). Additionally, the unit covers FDA requirements for AE reporting, including assessment of seriousness, expectedness and format for expedited reporting of life-threatening SARs, as well as safety reporting requirements for investigators. 

Chapter 32: Trial Master File

The unit provides a detailed breakdown of the organization of a TMF or Trial Master File, listing the various binders that should be included within the TMF, as well as their contents. Thus, the TMF should contain binders pertaining to the study protocol and IRB, investigator qualifications, FDA forms and correspondence, FDFs or Financial Disclosure Forms, communications with the CRO, and other relevant trial aspects. A helpful templatic guide to creating a TMF is also provided in this chapter, as well as a self-assessment quiz of 10 items on important sections of a TMF. 

Chapter 33: Disclosures and Payments for PI, Site, Patients

In this chapter, FDA guidelines regulating financial disclosure are discussed in-depth, covering the definition of ‘conflict of interest’ and the stipulations of Title 21 Section 54 on disclosure requirements. The unit helpfully contrasts FDA requirements with Canadian and UK/EU policies. You will study real life case examples of conflict of interest, as well as lawsuits pertaining to financial disclosure disputes to help gain a better understanding of the potential problems arising from failure to disclose financial interests in clinical trials. Another important dimension covered in the module is the regulation of payments to PIs and other investigators as well as patient payments, which must comply with CMS (Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services) policy on ‘fair market value’ as well as the Federal ‘Anti-Kickback Statute’. The unit contains guidelines on clinical trial budgeting and subject payments. Finally, the chapter reviews IRB guidelines on advertising to recruit human participants for clinical trials, including stipulations against misleading and coercive language, as well as excessive incentives.

Chapter 34: Patient Recruitment, Retention and Compliance

The unit provides an overview of the process of patient (subject) recruitment in clinical trials, from population research to identify motives for participation, to media support for building up public awareness and interest, to community and physician outreach for referrals and enrollment. Additionally, the chapter identifies common barriers to meeting recruitment goals and outlines strategies for maximizing recruitment, such as relaxing overly stringent criteria, offering reasonable incentives such as travel reimbursement and highlighting benefits of participation. Similarly, the unit covers common causes of patient drop-out as well as strategies for minimizing drop-outs, such as improving patient experience (increased attention and listening to patients, flexible scheduling of visits to suit patients’ convenience and so on). Finally, the unit discusses novel strategies to increase patient retention and improve compliance in clinical trials; these techniques harness technology to yield better outcomes, for example, simplifying form completion through digitized forms with auto-fill features, gamifying elements of compliance reporting, and so forth.

Chapter 35: Misconduct and Fraud

This module discusses the various motives for committing scientific fraud and the fallout of fraudulent practices in clinical trials. A scale for classifying errors in clinical trial data is presented, with ‘honest, isolated mistake’ at one end of the spectrum and ‘deliberate data falsification with malicious intent’ at the other. Types of clinical data that may be falsified, methods used in falsification (fabrication, substitution, omission), as well as scenarios in clinical trials where falsification may be occurring are presented. Through this chapter, you will gain familiarity with the signs to watch out for during the actual clinical trials process. 

Chapter 36: Review Questions

The unit contains a self-assessment tool comprising 65 questions that review the content covered in previous chapters, including questions on all aspects of regulatory documents, site documents (TMF and contents), trial budgeting and payments, patient recruitment and scientific fraud.

Chapter 37: Site Visit Templates 

This module contains a set of templates that you can use for documenting the details of site monitoring as a CRA, either in their current form, or in a form adapted to the needs of your own study. The templates included in this unit include:

Site Qualification Visit (SQV) – checklist for preparations, questionnaire for assessing the site prior to the actual visit, assessment form and follow-up letter

Site Initiation Visit (SIV) – agenda for visit, confirmation letter to request PI attendance during SIV, report following SIV

Routine Monitoring Visit (RMV) – confirmation letter to request PI attendance, report following RMV, follow-up letter

Site Close-Out Visit (SCOV)  – confirmation letter to request PI attendance, agenda for SCOV, report following SCOV, follow-up letter

CRA transition letter  – document notifying site PI of appointment of new monitor (yourself as CRA) 

Chapter 38: Interviewing and Career

In this unit, you will find suggestions and recommendations for making a positive impact in interviews for CRA positions, as well as tips and strategies for making rapid progress in a clinical research career.

Chapter 39: Final Examination

This module comprises a comprehensive 51-item, self-paced quiz to assess your competency in the skills and knowledge required for a Clinical Research Associate position. 

References

1. https://www.beroeinc.com/category-intelligence/clinical-research-organizations-market/

2. https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/search?keywords=Clinical%20Research%20Associate&location=United%20States&geoId=103644278&trk=public_jobs_jobs-search-bar_search-submit&position=1&pageNum=0

3. https://www.centerwatch.com/articles/24791-demand-for-experienced-clinical-trial-professionals-outpacing-supply-acrp-says

4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3317309/

5. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/dmid-investigational-product

6. https://www.fda.gov/patients/clinical-trials-what-patients-need-know/what-are-different-types-clinical-research

7. Dixon JR. 1999. The international conference on harmonization good clinical practice guideline. Quality Assurance. 6(2): 65-74. DOI: 10.1080/105294199277860

8. https://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/E6%28R2%29-Good-Clinical-Practice--Integrated-Addendum-to-ICH-E6%28R1%29.pdf

9. https://www.who.int/groups/research-ethics-review-committee/recommended-format-for-a-research-protocol/

10. https://iaocr.com/finding-first-clinical-research-job/

11. https://jobs.newscientist.com/en-au/article/a-career-in-clinical-research/

12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3326906/

13. St. Germain DC, Good MJ. 2017. Data management in clinical trials. In: Gallin JI, Ognibene FP, Lee Johnson L, editors. Principles and practice of clinical research. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 531-545. ISBN 978-0-12-849905-4

14. https://acrpnet.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2017/04/clinical-study-monitoring-competencies.pdf

15. https://www.clinicalleader.com/doc/starting-a-career-in-clinical-research-things-we-wish-we-knew-0001

16. https://www.proclinical.com/blogs/2021-9/how-to-get-a-job-as-a-clinical-research-associate-cra

17. https://acrpnet.org/2018/06/11/5-clinical-research-trends-emerge-at-acrp-2018/

18. https://www.collegechoice.net/sciences/clinical-research/best-masters-degrees/

19. https://acrpnet.org/certifications/cra-certification/

20. https://www.socra.org/certification/program-overview/

Introduction to Clinical Trial Training

Have you ever wondered how new medications and treatments make it from the lab to your doctor's office? The answer lies in clinical trials, meticulously designed research studies that test the safety and effectiveness of new healthcare interventions on human volunteers.

If you're curious about this fascinating field and considering a career in clinical research, an introduction to clinical trial training is a perfect first step. This blog post will equip you with the foundational knowledge to jumpstart your journey.

Why the Rise in Clinical Research Training?

The field of clinical research has seen a significant rise in demand over recent years. The evolving landscape of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, with a constant push for new and improved treatments, plays a significant role in this growth.

Clinical Research Associates: The Overseeing Force

A clinical research associate (CRA) is a crucial part of the clinical trial process. They act as the eyes and ears of the sponsor, overseeing the well-being of subjects and ensuring that the study adheres to strict regulatory guidelines. They are responsible for tasks like monitoring investigator sites, ensuring data integrity, and reporting any issues or deviations from the protocol. For those interested in becoming a CRA, consider this specialized CRA training course.

Benefits of Clinical Trial Training

With the clinical research market projected for continued growth, a thorough understanding of clinical research training is essential. Here's how it benefits you:

Equipping Yourself for a Rewarding Career: This training provides the necessary skills and knowledge to launch a successful career in clinical research. There are various specializations within the field, allowing you to tailor your path to your interests.

Contributing to Medical Advancements: By participating in clinical trials, you play a vital role in developing new treatments and improving patient care. The knowledge gained through training empowers you to be a valuable asset in this endeavor.

Strong Job Market Outlook: The demand for qualified clinical research professionals is high and expected to rise further. This training positions you to take advantage of this growing market.

What Does Clinical Trial Training Entail?

Clinical trial training equips individuals with the necessary understanding of:

The Clinical Research Process: From study design and participant recruitment to data collection and analysis, you'll gain insights into the entire lifecycle of a clinical trial.

Ethical Considerations: Protecting participant safety and well-being is paramount. Training emphasizes informed consent, patient confidentiality, and responsible research conduct.

Regulatory Requirements: Clinical trials adhere to strict guidelines set forth by regulatory bodies. Training ensures you understand these regulations and can navigate them effectively.

Specific Roles and Responsibilities: The clinical research team comprises various professionals, each with distinct duties. Training clarifies your role and how it contributes to the successful execution of the trial.

Who Should Consider Clinical Trial Training?

This training is valuable for anyone interested in a career in clinical research, including:

• Clinical research coordinators (Consider the Clinical Research Coordinator course)

• Data managers

• Clinical trial assistants (Explore the Clinical Trials Assistant Training)

• Regulatory affairs specialists

• Research nurses

• Physicians interested in research (Check out the Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification)

Where to Find Clinical Trial Training

There are numerous avenues to pursue clinical trial training. Here are some options to consider:

Online Courses: Several organizations offer introductory and advanced online courses in clinical research, including Pharmacovigilance Certification and ICH-GCP.

Universities and Colleges: Many academic institutions provide certificate programs or degrees in clinical research.

Professional Associations: Industry associations often host workshops and training programs specifically designed for clinical research professionals.

Begin Your Clinical Research Journey

By taking an introduction to clinical trial training, you'll unlock a world of possibilities in healthcare advancement. You'll gain the foundational knowledge to make informed decisions about your career path in this dynamic and ever-evolving field.

Remember, this is just the beginning! As you delve deeper, you'll discover the profound impact clinical trials have on improving human health and shaping the future of medicine.

I. Clinical Research Training: Background and Importance

Before diving into the specifics of clinical research training, it's necessary to understand what clinical research is and its importance in the field of medicine. Clinical research refers to the systematic study of potential new drugs, medical devices, and techniques to establish their safety and efficacy before they can be approved for use by regulatory authorities. In simple terms, clinical research aims to ensure that new treatments and therapies are both safe and effective for human use, protecting the public from potentially harmful side effects or complications.

Clinical research, thus, plays a key role in the process of bringing novel medical treatments to market. It is a multifaceted process that requires a range of skill sets, from data analysis to ethics and compliance. Clinical research associates (CRAs) are responsible for managing clinical trials and ensuring that they adhere to relevant laws and ethical guidelines. As such, clinical research training equips potential CRAs with the necessary skills to excel in their roles and contribute to the safe development of new therapies and medical products.

II. Components of Clinical Research Training

Clinical research training typically comprises several essential components, each designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the clinical research process. Some of the critical elements of clinical research training include the following:

1. Basic Principles of Clinical Research: An overview of the fundamentals of clinical research, including the phases of clinical trials and the importance of randomization, blinding, and placebo controls.

2. Good Clinical Practice (GCP): A thorough understanding of GCP guidelines set by regulatory authorities like the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ensure the safety, integrity, and quality of clinical trials.

3. Protocol Development: Training in the design and development of clinical trial protocols, with an emphasis on creating study objectives, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and the types of assessments required.

4. Ethics in Clinical Research: In-depth exploration of ethical considerations in clinical research, including informed consent, institutional review board (IRB) approval, and data protection.

5. Regulatory Compliance: Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the role of various regulatory authorities in the clinical research process, and ensuring compliance with relevant regulations.

6. Data Management and Biostatistics: Knowledge of essential data management techniques, including data collection and validation, data quality control, and the application of biostatistics in clinical research.

7. Clinical Trial Management: Training on the roles and responsibilities of the clinical trial team and best practices in trial management, including site selection, patient recruitment, and study closeout.

8. Safety Reporting and Pharmacovigilance: An understanding of safety reporting requirements and the importance of pharmacovigilance in maintaining patient safety throughout the clinical trial.

III. Clinical Research Training: Course Options and Certifications

Numerous clinical research training programs are available for those wishing to enter or advance within the clinical research field. These programs typically cater to diverse educational backgrounds and levels of expertise, ensuring that all prospective CRAs have access to the necessary training. Courses generally range from short-duration workshops to comprehensive diploma or degree programs.

One popular and widely recognized accreditation is the Clinical Research Associate (CRA) Certification. Obtaining this certification demonstrates a commitment to excellence and professionalism in clinical research. Several organizations offer clinical research associate certification online, making it an easily accessible option for many individuals.

In conclusion, clinical research training is essential for anyone wishing to pursue a career in clinical research. It equips learners with the skills and knowledge necessary to conduct and manage clinical trials, ensuring public safety and helping to bring life-enhancing treatments to market. With various course options available, including the Clinical Research Associate Certification Online, gaining the required qualifications is more accessible than ever before.

Clinical Research Staff Training: Clinical Research Education and Training Requirements

Strategies to Improve Training of Clinical Research Staff: Education and Training Required for a Clinical Researcher

Fig no. 1:Clinical research training 

Training for clinical research workers nowadays is not appropriate to prepare them for today’s scientific complexity and to enhance their abilities as research workers, in-depth training is required. The enhancement of clinical research training has developed competency standards for principle trainers or organizer.

Over the past decades, various training institutes and research societies have supported a competency-based approach. Characteristics that distinguish competency-based education from other training techniques is

• Learner outcome that based on analysis of typical responsibilities

• Sequenced modules that allow workers to work according to their pace

• A curriculum that focused on what leaner need to learn to perform a specific task rather than studying an unnecessary subject

Table no 2: action and steps to enter clinical research field

Clinical Research Training Program - Training required to be a clinical researcher

Fig. No 3: Competency-based training wheel

In one clinical research training program study, it provided a year-long training program for research to 350 medical and dental students. Out of these 135 students who completed their training in the research program, nearly 85 of them conducted research, and 25 percent of them are devoted to their research works. Data suggest that competency-based training helped frost the career of many research students.

The role of efficient training is very significant for professional development. Clinical research requires Highly specialized training such as adequate knowledge, proper skill, and the right attitude. Equally important is to recognize the right way of training for specific kinds of research. A survey in 2008 identified that knowledge as a research work must have knowledge of ethics, informed consent, audits, and drug development process. Skills such as negotiation, teamwork, and interpersonal skills are necessary.  Surveys identify skills required at different levels of research and training institutes train their workers these kinds of skills through workshops and role play.

Clinical Researcher Training Requirements  

We must identify core competencies in students working on a clinical research program for this. To improve the efficiency of a training program, we must differentiate requirements at a basic and professional level. First, we must improve the quality of training by focusing on their needs and then providing entry-level facilities to fulfill those needs. Second, we must differentiate the needs of entry-level professionals. Thirdly, academic – training collaboration is mandatory for conducting more programs and improving the infrastructure of research work in hospitals. We must focus on competency building in our research works. We must survey that what knowledge and skills are for clinical research training. For this purpose, we need professionals having clinical research experience of more than five years and have decision-making capability in the research work.

The survey questioner includes knowledge and skill on the x-axis

• Knowledge area further classified as

•General

• Ethics 

• Regulation

• Methodology 

• Clinical trial execution 

• Skills classified as

• Leadership

• Teamwork

•Communication Skill

The survey suggests that for the CRA role, knowledge of subtopics like general methodology and ethics is necessary. After its launch in 2006, the research training industry has developed a ton and CROs are now outsourcing training to organizations like CCRPS to help ensure high-quality training for new staff.

References and important studies to reference:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5408836/ - Education and training of clinical and translational study investigators and research coordinators: A competency-based approach
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5501747/ - Outcomes from the NIH Clinical Research Training Program: A Mentored Research Experience to Enhance Career Development of Clinician–Scientists
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3043365/ -Training for clinical research professionals: Focusing on effectiveness and utility
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073101/ - Core Competencies for Research Training in the Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3043360/ - Training needs of clinical research associates
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6798189/ - Enhancing Clinical Research Professionals’ Training and Qualifications (ECRPTQ): Recommendations for Good Clinical Practice (GCP) training for investigators and study coordinators

Clinical Research Associate Salary - What's the pay for a clinic research associate?

Here's What You Need to Know to Get a Clinical Research Associate Job

What's the pay for a Clinical Research Associate?: $61-$110K

What's the pay for a Clinical Research Associate?: $61-$110K
A Clinical Research Associate (or Monitor) is hired either in-house (“the trial site”) or externally (by the sponsor or CRO) to review clinical trial data and ensure that investigational therapies are tested ethically and scientifically through performing site visits that review files like patient medical notes in order to ensure quality of trial data. The catch 22 of clinical research associate jobs is that the ICH GCP guidelines require both education AND experience in order to work in this role, so getting your foot in the door is tough. Once you get experience, your education (i.e., certifications or degrees showing understanding of additional responsibilities) can help promotes you quickly through the CRA career ladder. For those looking to understand more about these guidelines, the ICH-GCP course might be a crucial step.

How to become or get promoted as a clinical research associate?

Having a certification through CCRPS’s accredited Advanced Clinical Research Associate Certification (CRA) course can help professionals 1) get promoted 2) get a raise 3) improve efficiency 4) get hired as a Clinical Research Associate. Additionally, those interested in broader roles in clinical research may consider the Clinical Research Coordinator course, the Pharmacovigilance Certification, or the Clinical Trials Assistant Training.

How much does a Clinical Research Associate make in the United States?

The average Clinical Research Associate salary in the United States is $61-110K. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, and the number of years you have spent in your profession. For those looking at a leadership role, the Advanced Clinical Research Project Manager Certification or the Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification could be relevant. Furthermore, the Medical Monitor Certification can enhance skills for those specifically interested in medical monitoring aspects.

Clinical Research Associate (CRA) Salary

Per Payscale “An entry-level Clinical Research Associate (CRA) with less than 1 year experience can expect to earn an average total compensation (includes tips, bonus, and overtime pay) of $55,588 based on 203 salaries. An early career Clinical Research Associate (CRA) with 1-4 years of experience earns an average total compensation of $66,245 based on 1,118 salaries. A mid-career Clinical Research Associate (CRA) with 5-9 years of experience earns an average total compensation of $76,086 based on 294 salaries. An experienced Clinical Research Associate (CRA) with 10-19 years of experience earns an average total compensation of $81,540 based on 157 salaries. In their late career (20 years and higher), employees earn an average total compensation of $83,342.”

Determine CRA Salary by location using Payscale

CRA Career Progression - Indeed

Salary: Clinical Research Associate

Research Associate Salary resource: Click here to see the CRA Salary Range from 1,800+ employers

Clinical Research Associates Pay: Clinical Research Associate Salary in United States (by city)

1. Durham, NC - $97K

2. New York, NY, Irvine, CA, Houston, TX - $95K

3. Philadelphia, PA - $92K

4. Atlanta, GA - $84K

5. Raleigh, NC - $82K

6. Chicago, IL - $79K

Payscale: CRA Career Pathway

Senior Clinical Research Associate Salary

The average salary of a Senior Senior Clinical Research Associate is ~105K per year ($54/hour, $2k/week, $9k/month). This can range from $81k to $139k.

Glassdoor Salary range for Senior CRAs

Starting Salary of a Clinical Research Associate Position is between $60,000 and $65,000

Some employers may prefer hiring entry-level clinical research associates with less experience in clinical research so they can learn their job functions by training under Senior CRAs or CRA IIs.

Clinical Research Associate II Salary is $86,677 / yr

CRA II @ PPD: $84,733/yr

CRA II @ PRA Health Sciences: $96,017/yr

CRA II @ IQVIA: $79,412/yr

CRA II @ ICON: $100,000/yr

Comment below how much you get paid and what helped you get promoted!

Having a certification through CCRPS’s accredited Advanced Clinical Research Associate Certification course can help professionals 1) get promoted 2) get a raise 3) improve efficiency 4) get hired as a Clinical Research Associate.

A description of Clinical Research Coordinator jobs and what they entail

Clinical research coordinators are usually supervised by clinical research managers. Their main task is to administer the clinical trials. Primary responsibilities normally include administering questionnaires, informing the participants about the objectives of the study, collecting data, and managing all the trials. They also have to adhere to all trial standards that have been set and also participate in recruitment of the subjects. Clinical research coordinators also have to engage with the subjects so that they can explain the things that are expected during the trial and also find out if they have any concerns. This means that a clinical research coordinator needs communicative and interpersonal skills.

For those interested in becoming clinical research coordinators, or enhancing their skills in this role, the Clinical Research Coordinator course provides comprehensive training and certification.

The responsibilities:

1. Maintaining records of all studies as per the guidelines.

2. Sticking to all ethical standards.

3. Sticking to all the regulatory standards set, including those covered in the ICH-GCP course.

4. Administering questionnaires.

5. Managing the budget dedicated to the research.

6. Overseeing the running of the trials as smoothly as possible.

7. Understanding and engaging with the subjects so as to know all issues.

8. Making sure that all equipment and supplies that are necessary for the success of the study are working and in stock.

9. Participating in the recruitment efforts of the participants, a topic extensively covered in the Clinical Trials Assistant Training.

10. Working with the laboratories so as to share findings.

Requirements:

The qualifications of a clinical research coordinator usually depend on your locations or employer. In most cases, for you to access clinical research coordinator jobs you should:

• Have an associate nursing degree or any related field

• Experience of two years within the healthcare industry

• Analytical mindset

• Be attentive to detail

• Have interpersonal skills which are exceptional

• Be ready to continue learning even without being prompted to do so, which can be further supported by the Advanced Clinical Research Project Manager Certification.

• Great skills in organizing

• Have great verbal and written communication skills

Additional certifications such as the Pharmacovigilance Certification, CRA, Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification, and Medical Monitor Certification are also beneficial for those looking to further their careers in clinical research.

Understanding what clinical research organizations are and what they do

CRO or a clinical research organization is a company which operates within the pharmaceutical industry in many cases. These kinds of organizations can be involved in many processes that are involved in the development of pharmaceuticals. There are also others who only have to administer required tests on drugs that are in development.

The large companies have their own clinical research organization incorporated into the structure of the company. There are yet others who outsource drug development and testing to the organizations which are precisely designed for such a purpose.

Why hire an independent organization

When you hire a clinical research organization which is independent to handle testing, the results are not highly doubted or questioned. This is because such an organization does not have any kind of self-interest in promoting something that is clearly bad. There have been cases where some medications tested by those who make them have failed to fulfill all promises made. However, clinical research organizations have shown more value to pharmaceutical companies.

Clinical research organizations are able to pave the way for chemicals that have been successful for approval by the relevant bodies. Most bodies have very high requirements and before approval, a lot of positive data have to be provided about the chemical. Clinical research organizations can assist with the supporting documents and the necessary paperwork so that approval can go through. Individuals interested in participating in this vital role might consider enrolling in a Clinical Research Coordinator course.

There are some concerns about when and where new drugs and chemicals are outsourced to the clinical research organization, but in most cases the concerns are of an economic standpoint. Sometimes the outsourcing of chemical research organizations that are not within your country may mean that scientists within the country will have lesser jobs.

Outsourcing these services saves a lot of money for pharmaceutical and chemical companies. When they do this, the company does not need to have a clinical department maintained within. This means less strain in HR departments. For those looking to deepen their expertise in the field, courses like Pharmacovigilance Certification, CRA, ICH-GCP, Clinical Trials Assistant Training, Advanced Clinical Research Project Manager Certification, and Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification are available.

Global Pharmacovigilance Regulations

Medicine is one of the most universal forms of healthcare. However, according to the American Society of Pharmacovigilance, adverse drug events alone are responsible for $13 billion in annual American healthcare costs. The U.S Department of Health and Human Services defines adverse drug events as undesirable consequences of taking certain medications, such as “medical errors, adverse drug reactions, allergic reactions, and overdoses”. It is internationally important that a medication is professionally assessed and monitored before it is deemed safe for consumers. This is where pharmacovigilance comes into play.

Pharmacovigilance (PV), or drug safety, is the study of a drug’s adverse effects. PV helps determine if a drug is safe for mass consumption before it is put on the market. In addition, PV ensures that if drugs with serious adverse drug reactions are pulled from the market. The field is an integral part in clinical research. In this article, we will explore the various agencies and regulatory bodies that supervise PV as well as clinical research. For those interested in becoming a pharmacovigilance expert, Pharmacovigilance Certification is available to guide you through the essentials of drug safety.

The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH): Created in 1990, the ICH connects global regulatory bodies and pharmaceutical companies to share technical innovations and discuss guidelines. The ICH GCP, or Good Clinical Practice, is one of the global governing clinical research guidelines for the EU, America, and Japan. Understanding and staying up to date with the ICH GCP is one of the most important qualifications someone could have before entering the clinical research industry. If you have any interest in clinical research and PV, CCRPS offers a free ICH GCP course that thoroughly explains and clarifies the complex document.

The European Medicines Agency (EMA): In the European Union (EU), the EMA coordinates PV and drug safety throughout all clinical trial phases. They ensure that a drug’s effects are monitored even after they are on the market. In addition to ICH GCP, the EU uses Good Pharmacovigilance Practice (GPvP) to determine monitoring standards of drug sales.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA): In the United States (U.S.), the FDA supervises the approval of pharmaceutical products. Specifically, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research or CDER is responsible for handling PV. Within CDER, the Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology assembles medical officers and safety evaluators to oversee PV in their field of experience. Most officers and evaluators are medical doctors or pharmacists.

Marketed Health Products Directorate (MHPD): The Canadian Directorate assesses and regulates health product risks. They are composed of 6 different bureaus and offices, each with their own area of speciality. Together, the Directorate monitors adverse drug effects and makes regulatory decisions.

Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA): Established in 2004, the Japanese regulatory authority PMDA supervises the safety of drugs from the lab to the market. Not only do they consult clinical trial professionals on clinical compliance, they also provide post-market safety measures and relief services for adverse health effects.

Since drug safety is important for patient health and safety around the world, there are career opportunities for PV virtually anywhere. If you want to learn more about pharmacovigilance, please visit our website at CCRPS.Org. Our online Pharmacovigilance Certification guides new professionals to improve their qualifications and gain valuable insight. The course is curated by real clinical research professionals and flexible enough to fit any schedule. Moreover, for those looking to expand their career into clinical research coordination or clinical trials assistance, CCRPS offers comprehensive courses such as the Clinical Research Coordinator, Clinical Trials Assistant Training, CRA certification, Advanced Clinical Research Project Manager Certification, Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification, and Medical Monitor Certification.

What Is a Clinical Research Associate?

Clinical research associates are those responsible for the planning, setting up, and coordinating of clinical trials. They provide technical assistance for experiments, make sure that the scientists involved in the clinical research trials comply with regulatory standards such as ICH-GCP, and also collect results during the clinical trials. When the trials are over, they are also involved in the public results presentation.

The amazing part about being a clinical research associate is that jobs are available for them in both the laboratory and office settings.

SPECIALIZATIONS
They focus on the following:

• Designing and implementing clinical research trials

• Training staff, which could be enhanced by taking the Clinical Trials Assistant Training course.

• Monitoring progress

• Screening test subjects

• Presenting findings

• Helping maintain the database of all clinical research trainees

SKILLS
As a clinical research associate, you should have the following skills:

• Communication skills

• Science knowledge

• Strong mathematics knowledge base

These core skills are what you need in the clinical research profession.

EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
As a clinical research associate, you should have one of the following:

• High school diploma and 6,000 hours of experience.

• An associate degree in clinical research fields and 4,500 hours of experience.

• A Bachelor's, Master's, or Registered Nurse degree and 3,000 hours of clinical research experience.

You can come from a variety of medical sciences or health-related fields, or from a nursing background as an RN. Courses offered in hospital and clinical related ethics, team management, and research methodologies will be valuable to your education. Consider advancing your career with certifications like the Advanced Clinical Research Project Manager Certification or the Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification.

SALARY
The median salary of a clinical research associate boasts of $90,310 annually and it is always on the rise. Plus, there is always a ready market for clinical research professionals.

Explore more about this field with specific courses like the Clinical Research Coordinator training, Pharmacovigilance Certification, or the CRA course. These certifications will equip you with the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in this growing industry.

Take courses from CCRPS and learn more on how to become a clinical research professional.

Discover more from Clinical Research Training | Certified Clinical Research Professionals Course

What is the Best CRA Training Program for You?

To any CRA, proper training and certification is critical. After all, employers want to hire applicants that are proficient and knowledgeable. At CCRPS, we can help jump start your career with our flexible, ACCRE accredited program. In addition, check out some of our other CRA articles below to learn more about the field and position.

Take courses from CCRPS and learn more on how to become a clinical research professional.

Enhance Your Skills with Specialized Training:

If you're looking to specialize in specific areas within clinical research or further develop your expertise, consider enrolling in our comprehensive courses:

• Clinical Research Coordinator: Dive deep into the responsibilities and intricacies of coordinating clinical trials. Enroll here.

• Pharmacovigilance Certification: Master the principles and practices of drug safety monitoring. Enroll here.

• CRA (Clinical Research Associate): Hone your skills as a CRA and excel in managing clinical trial conduct. Enroll here.

• ICH-GCP (International Conference on Harmonisation - Good Clinical Practice): Understand the global standards for conducting clinical trials. Enroll here.

• Clinical Trials Assistant Training: Learn the essentials of supporting clinical trial operations effectively. Enroll here.

• Advanced Clinical Research Project Manager Certification: Elevate your career with advanced project management skills tailored to clinical research. Enroll here.

• Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification: Equip yourself with the expertise needed to lead clinical trials as a principal investigator. Enroll here.

• Medical Monitor Certification: Gain the necessary skills to oversee clinical trial safety and medical aspects effectively. Enroll here.

Discover more from Clinical Research Training | Certified Clinical Research Professionals Course

Clinical Research Associate Job Description

Clinical research associates (CRAs) are responsible for organizing and administering clinical research trials for new or current drugs so that they may assess the risks and benefits of using them. The major responsibilities of clinical research associate jobs are:

• They write out the procedures for administering drug trials.

• They identify and brief appropriate trial investigators.

• They make use of their knowledge of the basics of clinical research to collect and analyze and record data.

• They design trail materials and supply the research study centers with the quantities that they need.

• They monitor the process of the trial from the start to the finish.

Clinical research associates are always present in the institute of clinical research because of the essential duties that they perform. However, the position is very competitive according to various job websites. As competitive as it is, it is also lucrative. Clinical research associate can work in government clinical research institute, pharmaceutical companies, private owned clinical research institute, etc. Their salaries may differ based on how much the individual companies or employees offer at their different choice of work place. But on the average, clinical research associates are paid around $65,000 per year. This leaves the pay at about $24 - $25 per hour.

There are various factors that can affect how much a clinical research associate (CRA) goes home with at the end of the month or cumulatively at the end of the year. These factors can be the location of the company, that is, the economic strength of the country or city where they are working, the degree or certificate or the level of education and exposure that the CRA has, the number of years if working experience that they have accumulated. These factors work together to determine how much they take home.

You can boost your chances of getting a higher pay, in the region of $85,000 to $90,000 or even more by getting the necessary education and certification. For example, experienced contract CRAs can earn up to $300k.

Skills required to be successful as a clinical research associates include:

• A logical and inquisitive mindset with quick thinking.

• Good organizational abilities.

• Excellent communication skills. Both written and verbal are important.

• Commercial awareness.

• Confidence

The basic requirement to be a clinical research associate is an undergraduate degree or a postgraduate degree in related life sciences fields (like biology, toxicology, microbiology, pharmacology, biochemistry), nursing, or medical sciences (like immunology, pharmacy, anatomy, physiology, or medicine). Due to the competitive nature of the job, some people go ahead and obtain a doctorate degree in any of the above mentioned fields. This gives them a better chance of getting a senior level job and increase their promotion prospect.

Beyond academic degrees, you need to be certified to become a clinical research associate. You need certification from organizations like ACRP (association of clinical research professionals) or SOCRA (society of clinical research associates). You will need to obtain certification course and pass the exams to become certified. At ccrps.org, we offer ACCRE accredited courses and insider information on everything you need to know for a career in clinical research. You can click here to see the offers for the courses available.

Take courses from CCRPS and learn more on how to become a clinical research professional:

• Clinical Research Coordinator

• Pharmacovigilance Certification

• CRA

• ICH-GCP

• Clinical Trials Assistant Training

• Advanced Clinical Research Project Manager Certification

• Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification

• Medical Monitor Certification

Discover more from Clinical Research Training | Certified Clinical Research Professionals Course

How to Become a CRA and Succeed

The Clinical Research Associate (CRA) is one of the most popular entry-level job in the clinical research sector. It is also one of the most competitive and lucrative positions for new hires. How do you stand out from hundreds of other applicants? You need to build field intelligence and experience.

Knowledge is power in the clinical research industry. For example, did you know that there are loads of differences between the clinical trial and clinical research? If you pay attention to learning the critical details of the field, employers will see and appreciate the effort you put into understanding the field.

There are many institutions that provide clinical research courses for aspiring professionals. However, CCRPS' reputation for the best-in-class programs is offered at the competitive prices is unbeatable. Our world-class facilities is known for teaching both basic and advanced lessons that help professionals in clinical research.  

Improve your Clinical research job qualifications 

To become a CRA, you’ll need an undergraduate degree in medical science, life science, biotech or nursing and a certification. Alternatively, you can use your diploma from a clinical research program from a reputable institution. If you have a graduate degree in the clinical research, then you are eligible for senior level positions and a higher pay grade.  

In addition to your degree, individual should demonstrate their interest by joining a clinical research associate program from a trustworthy institution, such as our CRA certification. There are many specific skills required to become a qualified clinical research associate, and they aren’t always taught in every programs. You must understand the healthcare system, clinical research, healthcare regulation and procedures and other things for successfully regulating the growth of the healthcare products. 

Presently, individuals who want to become a CRA should be capable of preparing a clinical development plan and ensuring the clinical trial data. They should have the overall understanding of the liabilities and responsibilities of performing the study with human subjects. They have to know all the challenges and restrictions of implementing and retaining databases. 

At CCRPS, our program will walk you through what you need to know to become a CRA. Our AACRE accredited program is curated by real life professionals with years of direct experience in clinical research. Best of all, you can learn at your own pace. With our flexible online learning model, you can take your education anywhere you do. Enroll and start working toward your dream career through our online CRA certification program today. If you’d like to learn more, check out some of our other CRA articles below or explore additional programs like our ICH-GCP course, Clinical Research Coordinator course, and the Pharmacovigilance Certification.

Take courses from CCRPS and learn more on how to become a clinical research professional.

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Clinical Research Courses for CTA and CRA

Clinical research courses are necessary to ensure that there are enough competent, responsible, and efficient clinical research professionals in the clinical research field. In this article, we'll be paying attention to the clinical research courses for Clinical Trial Assistants (CTAs), and Junior or Senior Clinical Research Associates (CRAs).

CTA

CTAs are one of the crucial role players in the clinical research process. They maintain the project's records, files, documentation and store them. They also assist with the review of clinical project records for accuracy and make them complete and ready for audit.

The CTA course offered at CCRPS are for those who are new to the job and want to cover the basics and principles of clinical research.

The program will highlight ICH GCP as the clinical research basis to introduce the new CTAs to drug development and to be familiar with the rules. It covers clinical studies operations, data management, and informatics, investigational product development and regulation, etc.

CRA

Junior Clinical Research Associates (CRAs) are introduced to Clinical Research, the life cycle of a clinical trial, how to monitor the clinical trial activities at different stages, clinical data monitoring, and management. It helps student become more familiar with the job of a CRA from the start of a clinical trial to its end. The course offered are similar to as those of a CTA’s.

Senior Clinical Research Associates (CRAs) are given opportunities to face more complex clinical trials and site management issues. The program will highlight the importance of international research as well as the role of the ICH GCP process. It also gives updates on the overview of current legislative requirements including:

• guidance on substantial trial modifications,

• improving the recruitment process of subjects and site staff

• how to prioritize and upgrade clinical trial monitoring tasks and activities

• accurate monitoring and reporting, dealings with non-compliance

• efficient tracking and coaching and mentoring junior CRAs

The courses offered will expand the knowledge and improve the monitoring skills to help take and make the right actions and decisions to resolve site issues.

Each of the courses is designed to produce competent clinical research professionals.

Take courses from CCRPS and learn more on how to become Clinical Trial Assistants, and Junior and Senior Clinical Research Associates.

Take courses from CCRPS and learn more on how to become a clinical research professional.

Here are some courses you might consider:

• Clinical Research Coordinator Certification - Ideal for those looking to coordinate clinical trial activities.

• Pharmacovigilance Certification - Focuses on drug safety and adverse effects management.

• CRA Certification - Prepares you for the role of Clinical Research Associate.

• ICH-GCP Certification - Essential for professionals needing to understand Good Clinical Practice guidelines.

• Clinical Trials Assistant Training - Provides foundational knowledge for those starting in clinical trials.

• Advanced Clinical Research Project Manager Certification - For experienced professionals aiming for project management roles.

• Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification - Tailored for physicians leading clinical trials.

• Medical Monitor Certification - Designed for those overseeing the medical aspects of clinical trials.

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Clinical Research Associate Training and Placement

The role of the clinical research associate is very important in clinical trials to ensure that medical devices, new treatments and new drugs are approved for patients' use.

This field is taken as a certificate program course in many schools. You may also discover the availability of associate degree programs depending on the school. These programs can be completed in two years and can be offered through both the online and the hybrid formats. Hybrid formats combine both online and on-campus courses together.

If you opt for an online program, different platforms like emails and discussion boards are used to ensure and promote interaction between the students as well as with the lecturers. Online learning platforms are used to upload the syllabus, course materials, lectures and assignments. Some online programs include field work as part of their requirements, in order to gain first hand experience working with clinical trials and patients. Depending on the school, they may have a list of approved clinical research institutes and other facilities. Otherwise, you will have to find a facility for yourself and get the school's approval.

These certificate programs are generally designed for professionals that are already in the medical fields like medical assistants, nurses etc, and are interested in moving to the field of clinical research. They may therefore ask for a copy of your CV or resumé or they may ask for a letter from your employers to verify that you have the needed medical experience. Some programs may require just an undergraduate degree in a medical science or life science related field.

Clinical research associates are trained to assist clinical researchers and investigators in the coordination, administration and management of clinical trials. During this training, different courses will be taught revolving around subjects like safety procedures, subject recruitment, regulatory requirements, drug development, accountability, trial management, medical terminology etc.

The importance of the role of the clinical research associate means that companies that conduct clinical trials are usually very selective, the need to comply with strict regulations often inform their decision when making a choice of their clinical research associate. It is therefore very difficult to get a job as a clinical research associate without previous experience of clinical trials. Many companies require around at least two years experience in clinical monitoring as a clinical project assistant or clinical trial administrator before considering applicants for this important role.

In applying for the post of a clinical research associate, ensure that you read the job description and indicate or highlights the relevant experience on your curriculum vitae. Your cover letter should be specific to the company you're applying to. Do not use a one-for-all cover letter. Personalize your cover letter to each company and highlight the skills that fit the specific requirements of the role. Not all companies advertise their vacancies, so you can try to find out about other unadvertised vacancies.

Take courses from CCRPS and learn more on how to become a clinical research professional. Explore courses like Clinical Research Coordinator, Pharmacovigilance Certification, CRA, ICH-GCP, Advanced Clinical Research Project Manager Certification, and Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification.

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CRA Exam Questions

$40,000If an agency requires 20% cost sharing of the total project for a particular program and a proposal is requesting $200,000 from agency, what is the additional amount that the institution must cost share?2.$50,000An investigator on a NIH grant has permission to rebudget $50,000 in supply monies into equipment. If the Institution's facilities and administrative cost (indirect cost) rate (based on MTDC) is 50% how much money will be available for the equipment3.$100,000An anti-lobbying certification is required on federal grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts exceeding a MINIMUM of4.$165,000An institution has an indirect cost rate of 40%. A research project is budgeted at $125,000 in direct costs including an item of equipment at $25,000 which is the only item excluded from the indirect cost base. What is the total cost for the project?5.1.Publicly known information.2. Already known information.3. Information received from others. 4. Information shared with others. 5. Independently developed information. 6. Information not included in the nondisclosure agreement.What is not included in a Nondisclosure Agreement?6.1) Resubmit 2)Appeal 3)Advice to look for other opportunitiesWhat happens to a proposal if it isn't funded?7.2NIH limits how many resubmissions on proposals?8.2 CFR 215 OMB A-110Administration Regulation for Education Institutes, Hospitals, and Non profits9.2 CFR 220, OMB Circular A-21Deals with cost determination but does not identify the circumstance or dictate the participation in the financing of a project

10.2 CFR 225 OMB A-87Cost Principles for State, Local, and Indian Tribal11.2 CRF 215 (OMB Circular A-110) provides regulations governing which of the following for educational institutions?
a. Administrative requirements for contracts
b. Administrative requirements for grants and cooperate agreements
c. Cost principles for grants and cooperative agreements only
d. Administrative requirements and cost principles for grants and cooperative agreementsb. Administrative requirements for grants and cooperate agreements12.3 years from submission of final report of expendituresRecipients of federal grant funds must retain records for a MINIMUM of13.5 membersAn IRB is required to have at least:14.6-9 monthsThe National Science Foundation indicates decisions on the funding of grant proposals should normally take15.26%The administrative cap on federal negotiated F&A rates is equal to16.90Under Expanded Authority, pre-award costs up to _____ days prior to the effective date of the award the PI can accrue charges before the award start date.17.90 daysIf final financial reporting (FS 425 Report) to federal agencies is not completed with in the typical ___ days, the institution is out of compliance18.90 daysWhen granted expanded authorities, pre-award costs on a federal grant may be incurred by an institution within a MAXIMUM of how many days prior to the official start date?19.90 daysHow many days do recipients of federal grants funds have to submits final reports after completion of the project?

20.A-102State and local governments are subject to which of the following OMB Circulars?21.AbstractShould be 5,000 to 25,000 words in length. This summary should demonstrate to the reader the most important parts of each of the sections of the research proposal in around 200 words.22.Accept, Decline or NegotiateWhen an award is made an institution has the following options.23.Access to federally funded research data is required under the:
a. Solomon Act
b. Davis-Bacon Act
c. Shelby Amendment
d. Stevens Amendmentc. Shelby Amendment24.According to federal regulations, which of the following must be included in an Institution Review Board?
a. Ethicist
b. Attorney
c. Member of the clergy
d. Member unaffiliated with the institutiond. Member unaffiliated with the institution25.Acquisition of property or servicesA procurement contract is used for the purpose of26.Administrative requirements for grants and cooperative agreements only2 CFR 215, OMB Circular A-110 provides regulations governing which of the following for educational institutions?27.AdobeWhat is required to use Grants.gov28.advise student to apply to the federal agency to request a proposal 90 days after proposal was submittedIf a graduate student comes into a university sponsored research office claiming that because of the federal Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) he has the right to obtain a copy of a recently submitted proposal, the research administrator should

29.Allocable costA cost that can be assigned to a project or an activity based on the relative benefits received30.allowable only if approved by the sponsoring agencyAccording to OMB Circular A-21, costs incurred prior to the project start date are:31.All vertebrate animalsThe Federal Animal Welfare Act applies to which of the following animal species32.AnnuallyIf an institution of higher education is subject to OMB Circular A-133, when must it have an independent audit?33.The Anti-Kickback Act of 1986Which of the following aims at deterring subcontractors from making payments and contractors from accepting payments for the purpose of improperly obtaining or rewarding favorable treatment in connection with a prime contract or a subcontract relating to a prime contract?34.An anti-lobbying certification is required on federal grants, cooperative agreements and contracts exceeding a MINIMUM of:
a. $100,000
b. $500,000
c. $1,000,000
d. 10,000,000a. $100,00035.approval of student's embassyIn order for a foreign national doctoral student researcher to work on a federal grant in an American institution, it is necessary for the student to have36.Assure that the highest quality proposals are selected for funding in an equitable mannerWhich of the following is the primary purpose of federal proposal review processes?37.An award similar to a grant, and anticipates having substantial involvement in research activities once the award has been made.What is cooperative agreement?38.Award terms and conditionsA Notice of Award typically includes which of the following

39.Basic and containment procedures designed to protect personnel and the environmentWhich of the following best describes essential laboratory biosafety levels in medical research?40.Bayh-Dole ActWhich of the following was enacted as a uniform patent policy among the many federal agencies that fund research?41.BequestsA type of donation or gift with few or no conditions specified. Gifts may be provided to establish an endowment or to provide direct support for existing programs.42.Break refreshments at a project sponsored workshopUsing the criteria contained in 2 CFR 220, OMB Circular A-21, which of the following costs would most likely be allowable as a direct expenditure item on a federal grant?43.Budget period is yearly. Project period is the life of the contract.What's the difference between budget period and project period?44.a cabinet-level departmentThe Office for Human Research Protection is administered by45.A career development programAn employee in a position which does not enable realization of full potential would benefit most from46.cash flow statementAn important tool you may use to measure and track the flow of
cash into and out of your operation47.Certifications and representationsJust-In-Time initiatives postpone the submission of which of the following items until a decision to make an award is reached?48.Change in allocation within a single budget categoryWhich of the following changes does not require prior National Science Foundation approval?49.Change OrderA written order signed by the contracting officer, directing the contractor to make changes that the changes clause of the contract authorizes the contracting officer to order without the consent of the contractor.50.Chief Executive Officer or Vice President of ResearchWho appoints the chair for each committees at universities

51.A citation of the contract clause authorizing the terminationWhich of the following information must be included in the notification by a federal officer to the contractor to terminate a contract for convenience52.Clinical trial AgreementWhich of the Following types of documents is most appropriate for testing the efficacy and safety of a new drug, device, or vaccine?53.Code of Federal RegulationsThe following provides information on patent rights and responsibilities currently applicable to universities and federally sponsored projects54.cognizant agencyA Federal agency responsible for negotiating and approving facilities and administrative cost rate for an education institution on behalf of all other federal agencies is referred to as the55.Commons Business DailyWhich of the following sources is not commonly used for federal funding opportunities?56.Compliance approvalsRetention of which records are required by the OMB57.Contact legal, then contact program officer over concernsIf a PI received an award and his wife is using the lab and charging to the award. How would you handle it?58.The contractor fails to perform the services within the time specified or any extensionWhich of the following is a reason for a federal contracting officer to send a "Show Cause" notice to a contractor?59.Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards ActThis act would require that certain contracts contain a clause specifying that no laborer or mechanic doing any part of the work contemplated by the contract would be required or permitted to work more than a certain number of hours in any workweek60.control commodities and is governed by Department of CommerceIn Export Control, what does Export Administration Regulation control and who governs it61.control money: Governed by Department of Treasury.In Export Control, what does Office of Foreign Assets Control control and who governs it

62.Cooperative Research And Technology Enhancement Act hopes to enhance research among Universities, private and public sectors, by treating joint inventions as if they are a single owner but only if the collaborators sign an agreement prior to the invention being created.What is the CREATE Act?63.CopyrightIn which of the following areas of intellectual property is the concept of work-for-hire germane64.Cost Accounting StandardsIt is the ___________ that dictate the way in which a contractor must maintain its accounting system.65.Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) must be applied to awards:
a. without federal funding
b. received from any funding source
c. for federal contracts over $500,000
c. for all federal awards covered by 2 CFR 230 (OMB Circular A-122)c. for federal contracts over $500,00066.Cost of Living Allowance COLAgranted to employees based in a foreign city, where cost of living is higher than in Washington, D.C.67.Cost Principals for Educational InstitutesWho is the 2 CRF 220, OMB Circular A-21 for68.A cost reimbursement sub agreementRequires that the subrecipient use best efforts to complete the research

69.Cost sharing must be:
a. verifiable from records
b. included with other federal awards
c. paid from federal funds if it is a fellowship
d. donated third party contributionsa. verifiable from records70.cost sharing occurs when the sponsored program requires financial support for the project from the awarded institution as a condition of the award.What is involuntary committed (mandatory) cost sharing?71.Data Management Plan RequirementNo more than 2 pages and must describe how the proposal will conform to NSF policy on dissemination and sharing of research results.72.Data sharing plan/ Publish and ShareApplicant who are planning to share data may wish to describe briefly the expected scheduled for data sharing, the format of the final data set, the documentation to be provided, whether or not any analytic tools also will be provided and so on ...73.Debarment and suspension rulesWhich of the following is included in 2 CFR 215, OMB Circular A-110?74.Default and convenienceTwo critical termination clauses of the General Provisions of a federal contract75.Department of AgricultureWhich agencies is responsible for administering the Animal Welfare Act?76.Department of EnergyWhich of the following agencies does NOT fund health science research77.Director of Human ResourceWho should administer progressive discipline to an employee?78.the Director of the institution's animal careAs required an IACUC Committee must contain all but one of the following a. a Doctor or Veterinary Medicine, b. a practicing scientist experienced in research with animals, c. the Director of the institution's animal care facility, d. a person not affiliated with the institution79.Each calendar yearOMB Circular A-21, time and effort reporting must be submitted to the institution a MINIMUM of once

80.Each organization using animals in Public Health Service projects must provide written assurance of its compliance with:
a. regulations requiring full-time staff veterinarian
b. provisions for an organizational program for the care and use of animals
c. standard for accreditation with the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care
d. requirements for organizational training and instruction program in the human practices of animal care and used. requirements for organizational training and d. requirements for organizational training and instruction program in the human practices of animal care and use81.Efficient and effective operations and reliable financial reporting are the objectives of:
a. internal controls
b. research compliance
c. cost transfer processes
d. postaward administrationa. internal controls82.electronic funds transferThe federal government prefers to disburse funds under federal grants via83.enacted to assure that a fair portion of federal contracts are placed with small businesses.What is the Small Business Act?84.Equipment donated at fair market valueIs allowable as cost sharing85.Established fundamental national policy for the environment and established the council on environmental qualityWhat is the National Environmental Policy Act?86.Evaluation PlanIt is important to define carefully and exactly how success will be determined.

87.E-VerifyFAR 52.222-54, which requires that federal contractors or subcontractor verify the employment eligibility of all new hires on a contract through an electronic screening database.88.Every 3 yearsHow often do approved animal protocols need to be reviewed by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)89.Executive Branchbranch of the government is responsible for enforcing the laws of the land. The president, vice president, department heads (cabinet members), and heads of independent agencies carry out this mission.90.Executive Level II $181,500NIH Salary cap is at what percentage?91.Executive Level I, II, IIIWhat is the highest level of salary?92.Executive Orders 8248 and 11541Establishing the divisions of the Executive Office of the President and defining their functions and duties
Source and -Prescribing the duties of the Office of Management and Budget and the Domestic Council in the Executive Office of the President93.Expanded AuthoritiesDelegates to grantees authorization of one year, no cost extension94.Expanded Authority_____waives certain prior approval requirements by a federal sponsoring agency. It is used only for changes that are necessary for the completion of the project within its original scope and original total budget.95.FabricationMaking up data or results and recording or reporting them96.A facilities & administrative costs (indirect cots) rate is usually established based on:
a. prior actual costs
b. reimbursed costs
c. capital expenses
d. unaudited expensesa. prior actual costs

97.A facilities and administrative cost (indirect cost) may be a direct cost if:
a. it meets the definition of allocable
b. "unlike circumstances" are present
c. normally allowable on federal or federal flow-through awards
d. the award activities are like those generally charged as facilities and administrative costs (indirect costs)b. "unlike circumstances are present98.Faculty have share in the companyConflict of interest may exist when medical faculty members conduct drug clinical tests for a company if99.A faculty member has a 5-yar federal NIH grant which will terminate 8/31, with $14,000 remaining on 7/15 of the same year. A competing continuation was recommended for approval but not funded. Which of the following is the most appropriate advise for the research administrator to give to the member
a. buy as much equipment as possible before the grant year ends
b. request a second review of the continuation application for the NIH
c. transfer laboratory personnel salaries to the to use up the remaining funds
d. request a 1-year, no-cost extension of the grant while revised continuation is under preparationd. request a 1-year, no-cost extension of the grant while revised continuation is under preparation100.F&A is not allowed to be charged on the following?Participant support*, equipment, capital equipment, patient care, tuition, building renovations, rental costs for non-University owned space, scholarships/fellowships, Subawards in excess of $25,000. 
*NSF only

101.FalsificationManipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record102.FARIn order for a contractor to be awarded a federal contract, he must comply with the provisions set forth by:103.FARThe overall guiding principle of __________ is to have an acquisition system that can satisfy customer's needs yet minimize administrative overhead without sacrificing integrity, fairness, openness and public policy objectives.104.A federal agency responsible for negotiating and approving facilities and administrative cost (indirect costs) rates for an educational on behalf of all other federal agencies in referred to as the:
a. lead agency
b. cognizant agency
c. sponsoring agency
d. governmental agencyb. cognizant agency105.Federal commonsWhat is an Internet grants management portal which serves the grantee organization community?106.Federal expanded authorities permit which of the following without additional sponsor approvals?
a. Rebudgeting
b. Change of the Institution
c. Renovation of laboratory space
d. Change of the principal investigatora. Rebudgeting107.Federal Financial Assistance Management Improvement Act 1999 Public Law 106-107The impetus to change the ways in which federal agencies accept grant applications and manage grant awards has

108.The federal government prefers to disburse funds under federal grants via:
a. letters of credit
b. reimbursement check
c. electronic funds transfer
d. advanced treasury checksc. electronic funds transfer109.Federal regulations governing the use of humans in researchAlways require full informed consent of the subject or the subject's guardian110.The first $25,000When a subaward is involved in a federal grant to a large university, on what portion of the subawardee's budget does the prime institution recover facilities and administrative cost(indirect cost)?111.FOA instructions always supersede these form instructions.If you have a funding opportunity announcement (FOA), which instructions do you go by... the research form or the FOA112.For copyrighted works which result from federally sponsored activities the federal government usually requires
a. disclosure of the copyright only
b. one copy of the official archives
c. a royalty-bearing , exclusive, and irrevocable license
d. a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable licenseb. one copy of the official archives113.Formulation of the President's Budget;
Action by the Congress; Presentation (to Congress) and-Execution of enacted budget lawsWhat are the 3 main phases in the Federal Budget Process114.Freedom of Information Act (FOI)What act brought this on FFATA?

115.From any institution that receives more than $700,000 in federal fundingUnder which of the following conditions is a Certificate of Current Cost and Pricing required116.The Fulbright Program provides opportunities for
a. teaching abroad
b. service abroad
c. teaching n low income communities
d. construction of low income housinga. teaching abroad117.Goals/Objectives/SOW/ImplementationApplicant should explain the expected results and benefits of each objectives.118.House of Representativesa provision or report language included primarily at the request of a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, or Senator providing, authorizing or recommending a specific amount of discretionary budget authority, credit authority, or other spending authority for a contract, loan, loan guarantee, grant, loan authority, or other expenditure with or to an entity, or targeted to a specific State, locality or Congressional district, other than through a statutory or administrative formula driven or competitive award process.119.How does an institution find their DUNS numberYou can contact your office of sponsored research or you can also log in to the eRA Commons.

120.How many days do recipients of federal grant funds have to submit final reports after completion of the project period?
a. 30 
b. 60
c. 90
d. 120c. 90121.How often do approved animal protocols need to be reviewed by the Institutional Animals Care and Use Committee (IACUC):
a. Annually
b. Semiannually
c. Every 2 years
d. Every 3 yearsd. Every 3 years122.How to do business internationallyThe Office of Commercial and Business Affairs (CBA) plays a major role in coordinating trade and investment matters to support U.S. firms doing business overseas. Our mission is to engage U.S. government resources to assist and promote U.S. business interests overseas, and to ensure that private sector business concerns are fully integrated into U.S. foreign and economic policy.123.iEdisonInteragency Extramural Invention Information Management System helps government grantees and contractors comply with a federal law, the Bayh-Dole Act regulations require that government funded inventions be reported to the federal agency who made the award

124.If a graduate student comes into a university sponsored research office charging that because of the federal Freedom on Information Act (FOIA) he has the right to obtain a copy of recently submitted proposal, the research administrator should
a. provide student with a complete copy of the proposal
b. provide student with a copy of the proposal with proprietary and salary information blacked out
c. advise student to apply to the federal agency to request a proposal 90 days after the proposal was submitted
d. tell the student to wait to apply to the federal agency until after the decision is made on the proposald. tell the student to wait to apply to the federal agency until after the decision is made on the proposal125.If an agency requires 20% cost sharing of the total project for a particular program and a proposal is requesting $200,000 from the agency, what is the additional amount that the institution must cost share?
a. $40,000
b. $50,000
c. $100,000
d. $220,000$50,000
$200000 / .8 = $250,000

$250,000-$200,000 = $50,000126.If an institution of higher education is subject to OMB Circular A-133, when must it have an independent audit?
a. Annually
b. Biennially
c. Triennially
d. At the discretion of its governing bodya. Annually127.If a principal investigator proposes to conduct research involving human subjects who will take a standardized educational test, but the test will not include any names or other identifying information, the proposal should be:
a. reviewed by the full Institutional Review Board
b. submitted for expedited review by the Institutional Review Board
c. submitted for review to the Office of Human Research Protection
d. treated under organization's policy as exempt from reviewb. submitted for expedited review by the Institutional Review Board

128.The impetus to change the ways in which federal agencies accept grant applications and manage grant awards has been mandated by:
a. e-Government strategies
b. new audit policies at the Office of Management & Budget
c. Office of Science & Technology Policy
d. the Federal Financial Assistance Management Improvement Act of 1999 (Public Law 106-107).d. the Federal Financial Assistance Management Improvement Act of 1999 (Public Law 106-107).129.indemnityOne may use what kind of clause to require that one party indemnify the other when certain expenses are incurred130.individual account in an approved accounting systemUpon receipt of awarded projects, educational institutions are required to establish131.Information is made available to the public by publication in the Federal Register, upon request given a description of the records desired and provides an opportunity to read and copy records at convenient locations.What is the Freedom of Information Act?132.In order for a foreign national student researcher to work on a federal grant in an American institution, it is necessary for the student to have:
a. a visa
b. United States citizenship
c. evidence of English proficiency
d. approval of student's embassya. a visa133.The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) is required to inspect animal facilities a MINIMUM
a. one a month
b. twice a year
c. once a year
d. once every three yearsb. twice a year134.Institutional Biosafety CommitteeWhich of the following is mandated for the oversight of research involving recombinant DNA

135.Institutional National Research Service AwardsThe National Institutes of Health requires a written description of a program for providing instruction in the responsible conduct of research for136.The Institutional Official for a sponsored research projectThe individual authorized by the Board of Trustees to sign on behalf of the institution137.Institutions, InvestigatorsWho is covered by the COI regulation138.Institutions that have more than $25,000,000 in federal grants or contractsWhich of the following would be required to file a disclosure statement (DS-2) with the federal government?139.internal controlsEfficient and effective operations and reliable financial reporting are the objectives of140.International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) are controlled by the :
a. United Nations
b. U.S. Department of State
c. U.S. Department of Homeland Security
d. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearmsb. U.S. Department of State141.In the credentials boxWhere do you put the ERA Login?142.In the event of cost overrun by a subcontractor, who would be held responsible by the funding sources?
a. Subcontractor only
b. Prime contractor only
c. Project director and subcontractor
d. Project directly and prime contractora. Subcontractor only

143.An investigator on an NIH grant has permission to rebudget $50,000 in supply monies into equipment. If the institution's facilities and administrative cost (indirect costs) rate (based on MTD) is 50%, how much money will be available for the equipment?
a. $25,000
b. $33,333
c. $50,000
d. $75,000d. $75,000

$50,000 X 1.50 = $75,000144.Involves a conflict of interestFaculty member is a major stockholder in a for profit company receiving a university contract145.Is a binding contract made between two parties, one of whom is the "Sponsor" or the company or individual sponsoring the clinical trial, while the other is the "Institution" or the organization or hospital receiving the sponsorship for conducting clinical trials.What is the Clinical Trial Agreement?146.Is intended to give credit where credit is due. Requires acknowledgement of Federal grant support when issuing statements, press releases, requests for proposals, bid solicitations, etc.What is the Stevens Amendment?147.is the grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office. The term of a new patent is 20 years from the date on which the application was filedWhat is a patent?148.is to ensure that employers provide employees with an environment free from recognized hazards, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions.What is the Occupational Safety & Health Act?149.Is usually riskier than a cost reimbursement contractWhich of the following best describes a fixed-price contract150.It is a public-private partnershipWhich of the following correctly describes FirstGov

151.It's required before an award at the proposal stage.If you don't have ERA Commons password, when is it required for an IRB?152.Judicial BranchCourts decide arguments about the meaning of laws and how they are applied. They also decide if laws violate the Constitution—this is known as judicial review, and it is how federal courts provide checks and balances on the legislative and executive branches.153."Just in time" initiatives postpone the submission of which of the following items until a decision to make an award is reached?
a. Full proposal
b. Budget justification
c. Certification and representations
d. Research background of principal investigatorc. certification and representations154.Land acquisitionIn a Construction Grant, which is allowable155.Law passed to protect certain species of marine mammals deemed as being in danger of extinctionWhat is the Marine Mammal Protection Act?156.Legislative BranchArticle I of the Constitution establishes the legislative or law making branch of government. It has a two-branch Congress—the Senate and the House of Representatives—and agencies that support Congress.157.Let SRO review the proposal then allow the PI to submitIf a federal agency requires a PI to submit online, what should be done158.Letter of supportA straight forward document stating that the institution is in support of the application to proceed and that it will host the proposed research should the application be successful.159.live, vertebrate animals onlyThe PHS policy governing the use and care of animals covers

160.Make sure budget/rates are accurate.If a PI submitted a proposal without going through the SRO office, what is our first concern?161.Mandates that a "Responsible Party" register and report results of certain "applicable clinical trials". Interventional studies of drugs, biologics, or devices that are subject to FDA regulations.What is the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act (FDAAA)?162.Martial status of applicantUnder federal Equal Employment Opportunity provisions, a supervisor should NOT ask which of the following during an employment interview:163.Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) fileWhich of the following is essential to a Chemical Hygiene Plan?164.Material Transfer AgreementMTA165.Material transfer agreement (MTA)What is a contract that governs the transfer of tangible research materials between two organizations, when the recipient intends to use it for his or her own research purposes166.Material Transfer AgreementsRecommended so that disputes about use do not arise. __ are contractually binding upon the parties.167.A mechanism for procurement of a product or service with specific obligations for both sponsor and recipient. Designed to benefit the sponsor by achieving an expected outcome or product.What is a contract?168.Members of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) must be appointed
a. funding agency program officer
b. Office of Human Research Protection
c. responsible administrative official of the organization
d. research administrator responsible for the committeec. responsible administrative official of the organization

169.Member unaffiliated with the institutionAccording to federal regulations, which of the following must be included in an Institutional Review Board?170.minimum wages, maximum hours, child labor, convict labor and safe and sanitary working conditionsThe Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act deals with issues on171.Modified total direct costIs a frequently used base for facilities and administrative cost (F&A) computation?172.modular budget is applicable only to R01, R03, R15, R21, and R34 applicationsIn an NIH Research Project Grant Program, which budget couldn't be over $25,000 in direct cost per year?173.The National Institutes of Health requires a written description of a program for providing instruction in the responsible conduct of research for:
a. program project grants
b. competing research project grants
c. noncompeting research project grants
d. Institutional National Research Service Awardsd. Institutional National Research Service Awards174.National Library of MedicineWhich of the following is located within the National Institutes of Health175.The National Science Foundation indicates decisions on the funding of grant proposals should normally takea
a. 2-4 months
b. 6-9 months
c. 10-12 months
d. 18-24 monthsb. 6-9 months176.Needs/Problem statementIt should be a clear and concise statement of the problem you want to solve with grant funds.

177.NIH: What are the main types of awardsResearch Grants (R series)
Career Development Awards (K series)
Research Training and Fellowships (T & F series)
Program Project/Center Grants (P series)178.NIH: What is Just-in-TimeRefers to the information that NIH will ask you to send after your application goes through initial peer review and is within the range of possible funding. NIH will need this information but does not require it with your application.179.Nondisclosure AgreementA Local Business wants to meet with a PI to discuss a product that they might agree to begin work on. What should be done?180.A Notice of Award typically includes which of the following?
a. Approval of facilities and administrative costs (Indirect Costs) rate
b. Award terms and conditions
c. Congressional approval
d. Guarantees for continuationb. Award terms and conditions181.Nuclear Regulatory CommissionStandards for handling radioactive materials are developed and monitored by the182.October 1The federal fiscal year begins:183.The Office and Grants and Contracts/Finance will monitor and draw cash on expenditures as appropriateThe university receives a grant from NIH that states the payment terms are DHHS Letter of Credit. This means:184.The office for Human Research Protection is administered by:
a. a private agency
b. a nonprofit foundation
c. an independent federal agency
d. a cabinet-level departmentd. a cabinet-level department

185.Office supplies, postage, administrative and clerical salaries, local telephone charges and general purpose equipmentThe following items should normally be treated as F&A cost except when the particular cost item can be justified as an exceptional need. What are some examples of exceptional need186.OMB Circular A-133The following establishes audit requirements and defines Federal responsibilities for implementing and monitoring these requirements for institutions of higher education and other nonprofit institutions receiving federal awards187.On an SF 424 Form, what does renewal, mean?requests additional funding for a period subsequent to that provided by a previous award and competes with all other applications.188.On an SF 424 Form, what does resubmission mean?has been previously submitted, but was not funded and is now being resubmitted.189.On an SF 424 Form, what does revision mean?proposes a change in 1) the Federal government's financial obligations or contingent liability from an existing organization, or 2) any other changes in the terms and conditions of the existing award, including requests for additional specific aims.190.Once each calendar year and is issued on a quarterly basisThe CFR is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to regulation and is published by the Federal executive agencies/departments. Each volume of the CFR is updated191.Payments to subjectsWhich of the following costs is allowable according to OMB Circular A-21?192.personnel salaries are increasedPrior approval from a federal agency is usually not needed when

193.The PHS policy governing the use and care of animals covers
a. live, vertebrate animals only
b. any animal use in research and training
c. animals involved in research only
d. animals that might otherwise be kept as pets onlya. live, vertebrate animals only194.PlagiarismThe appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit195.A plan for expenditure of fundsWhich of the following must be included in every federal grant budget?196.Possible items could NIH request through Just-in-timeOther support Current and Pending, Certificate of IRB approval of proposed use of human subjects, Evidence of compliance with education in the protection of human subjects,Verification of IACUC approval of proposed use of live vertebrate animals197.Primary purpose of a federal cooperative agreementTo provide assistance with substantial involvement of the federal agency198.prior actual costA facilities and administrative cost (indirect cost) rate is usually established based on

199.Prior approval from a federal agency is usually NOT needed when:
a. the scope of work is changed
b. personnel salaries are increased
c. the principal investigator is changed
d. additional alterations costing more than $10,000 are madeb. personnel salaries are increased200.Prior intramural support should be addressed in the narrativeWhen applying for extramural support, in which of the following ways should the principal investigator address prior related intramural support?201.PrisonersWhich of the following populations has special protection as research participants under federal guidelines?202.Prisoners, pregnant women, mentally unstable, and minors.Who cannot participate in clinical trials203.Privacy Act of 1974When an agency contracts for the design, development, or operation of a system of records on individuals on behalf of the agency to accomplish an agency function, the agency must apply the requirements of which of the following acts204.Project travelWhich of the following is NOT included in the computation of an indirect cost rate205.Proposal Central or Foundation web site.What resource site do Private Foundations mostly submitted through?206.Proposal SolicitationRFP and RFA are examples of207.protection provided to the authors of "original works of authorship" including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works, both published and unpublishedWhat is a copyright?208.protects certain health information and requires naming a Privacy Official and written policy and procedures.What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) Patient Privacy Rule?

209.protects people from discrimination based on sex in education programs or activities which receive Federal financial assistanceWhat is Title IX of the Education Amendments: Sex Discrimination?210.Protects the rights of employees and employers. Encourages collective bargaining. And curtails certain private sector labor and management practices, which can harm the general welfare of workers, businesses and the US economy.What is the National Labor Relations Act?211.Provides an entitlement of up to 12 weeks of job-protected, unpaid leave funding any 12-month period for the following reasons; birth and care of the employees child, or placement for adoption or foster care of a child with the employees; care of an immediate family member who has a serious health condition or care of the employees own serious health condition.What is the Family and Medical Leave Act?212.Provides labor standards for certain persons employed by federal contractors over $2500 furnishing services to federal agencies.What is the Service Contract Act?213.Provisions are intended to help secure the nation against bioterrorism acts.The act requires individuals and institutions to nor produce, acquire, retain (stockpile) or possess types and quantities of any biological materials including bona fide research.What is the US Patriot Act?214.provisions for an organizational program for the care and use of animalsEach organization using animals in Public Health Service sponsored projects must provide written assurance of its compliance with215.RebudgetingFederal expanded authorities permit which of the following without additional sponsored approval?

216.received from any funding sourceCost Accounting Standards (CAS) must be applied to awards217.The recipient of federal funds agrees that US flag air carriers will be used to transport personnel and property when costs are charged to these funds including any air transportation to from between or within a country other than the US when US flag air carriers are available.What is the Fly America Act?218.Recipients of federal grant funds must retain records for a MINIUMUM of:
a. 180 days after closeout
b. 18 month after the grant end date
c. 2 years after each grant budget year
d. 3 years from submission of final report of expenditured. 3 years from submission of final report of expenditure219.Refer employee to appropriate institution representativeWhich of the following is an appropriate response to sexual harassment reported by an employee in the work force?220.Regular dissemination of funding opportunitiesWhich of the following is most important in developing a program of available support with a grantee institution?221.The Regulation imposes a 6-year time limitationWhat is the time limitation for occurrences of research misconduct to be brought to the attention of an institution or the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (see § 93.105)222.remain with the institutionUnder federal grant conditions, the title to equipment must223.RentWhich would you charge against F&A?224.Rental or usage fees from equipment purchased with grant fundsWhich of the following is considered program income?

225.Request a one year, no cost extension of the grant while a revised continuation is under preparationA faculty member has a five year National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant which will terminate August 31, with $14,000 remaining on July 15 of the same year. A competing continuation was recommended for approval but not funded. Which of the following is the most appropriate advice for the research administrator to give to the faculty member?226.Required information on federal awards be made available to the public via single, searchable websiteWhat is the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act (FFATA)?227.Requires employers to assure that employees hired are legally authorized to work in the US.What is Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)?228.Requires the government to show 3 materials elements on all sole source contracts with a the current threshold applicable to all agencies is $700,000 for prime contracts awardedWhat is Truth in Negotiations Act?229.Research misconductWhat is defined as fabrication, falsification and plagiarism, and does not include honest error or differences of opinion230.responsible administrative official of the organizationMembers of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) must be appointed by the231.Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR).What process was created from America COMPETES act?232.Restricts the political activity of executive branch employees of the federal government, District of Columbia government, and some state and local employees who work in connection with federally funded programsWhat is the Hatch Act?233.Returned to the sponsoring agencyUpon completion of a federal grant, excess funds remaining in the account should be

234.RFPWhich of the following would serve the purpose of inviting proposals and specifying the general terms and conditions under which the relevant award can be made235.Roles and responsibilities of the Principal Investigator and other key personnelProper technical conduct of the research effort
Compliance with the terms and conditions of the sponsored agreement, Managing project funds within the approved budget
Timely completion and submission of required technical reports
Complying with all university and sponsor policies and procedures pertinent to the award236.Roles and responsibilities of the Sponsored Programs OfficeProviding accounting, Purchasing
Other administrative services to assist the principal investigators in: - managing the financial aspects of their projects
obtaining the necessary goods, services, and personnel to conduct the research effort, meeting sponsor needs for fiscal reports, Provides financial accounting to sponsors for the activity funded and is subject to federal audit.237.a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable licenseFor copyrighted works which result from federally sponsored activities, the federal government usually requires238.Salaries and wagesWhich of the following is a base for facilities and administrative cost (indirect rate)?239.Salary or other payments for service, equity interests, intellectual property rights.Significant Financial Interest is defined by the regulation as anything of monetary value, including but not limited to:240.SF269The following is used to prepare quarterly, semi-annual, annual, or end reports241.SF270The following is used to request for an advance or reimbursement242.SF272The following is used to prepare a report of federal cash transactions243.Shelby AmendmentAccess to federally funded research data is required under the244.Should be closely followedWhich of the following is most appropriate use of federal agency guidelines for writing a proposal245.SponsorWhich of the following is responsible for clinical trial registration on ClinicalTrials.gov?

246.Standards for handling radioactive materials are developed and monitored by the:
a. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
b. Environmental Protection Agency
c. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
d. Occupational Safety and Health Administrationa. Nuclear Regulatory Commission247.State and local governments are subject to which of the following OMB Circulars?
a. 2 CFR 220 (A-21)
b. A-102
c. 2 CFR 230 (A-122)
d. A-133b. A-102248.Subcontractor onlyIn the event of a cost overrun by a subcontractor, who would be held responsible by the funding source?249.Subcontractor's normal rateWhich of the following establishes the actual facilities and administrative cost (indirect cost) rate for a subcontract?250.Subcontract, Subgrant, or SubagreementA document written under the authority of, and consistent with the terms and conditions of an award, that transfers a portion of the research of substantive effort of the prime award to another institution or organization.251.System for Award Management (SAM)What is the name of the system for requiring submission and maintenance of representations and certifications252.Task Order Agreement TOAA legally binding document authorizing work and appropriating funds as a supplement to a basic contact.

253.teaching abroadThe Fulbright Program provides opportunities for254.Teaming AgreementAn agreement between two or more parties to participate in a research project or teaching activity255.Temporary rate subject to final negotiationWhich of the following best describes a provisional indirect cost rate256.They upload it to their submission application. Not on the SF 424 formIf a PI wants to request a reviewer to a proposal submission, where can they do this257.TitleIt should tell us in 25 words or less what you intend to research and should be relevant258.TravelWhich of the following expenses would be included in the distribution base of modified total direct costs?259.The travel costs do not provide any benefit to the federally sponsored projectA PI on a federally awarded grant wants to charge travel costs to a project for attendance at a conference that is unrelated to the project. Which of the following BEST explains why the PI cannot charge the travel costs to the project260.treated under organization's policy as exempt from reviewIf a principal investigator proposes to conduct research involving human subjects who will take a standardized educational test, but the test will not include any names or other identifying information, the proposal should be261.TrueUBMTA may not be usable for materials in projects supported by industry. True or False262.TrueA one-time no-cost extension up to 12 months is allowed as an expanded authority. True or False263.twice a yearThe Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) is required to inspect animal facilities a MINIMUM of

264.Under a federal contract, which of the following is a reason for termination for default?
a. Untimely performance
b. Budget revision
c. Cost overrun
d. Inadequate performance on another contracta. Untimely performance265.Under federal grant conditions, the title to equipment must
a. remain with the agency
b. remain with the institution
c. be vested with the institution only under $5,000
d. be vested in the institution with the agency's right to transfer to itself or another entityb. remain with the institution266.Under which of the following conditions is a Certificate of Current Cost and Pricing required?
a. For a federal contract over $1,000,000
b. For any federal subcontractor
c. From any institution that received more than $500,000 in federal funding
d. As a standard of certification submitted by institutions applying for federal grantsc. from an institution that received more than $500,000 in federal funding267.Uniform Biological Material Transfer Agreement (UBMTA)Makes one class of transfers routine
Standard terms developed in 1995 by NIH sponsored group
Provides standardized approach for certain transfers between academic institutions

268.Unilateral AwardAn award made by a sponsored to an organization without considering competitive proposals. They are most often made when unsolicited proposals receive favorable treatment.269.United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal government policy on farming, agriculture, forestry, and food. It aims to meet the needs of farmers and ranchers, promote agricultural trade and production, work to assure food safety, protect natural resources, foster rural communities and end hunger in the United States and abroad.270.United States Department of Homeland Securitya cabinet department of the United States federal government, created in response to the September 11 attacks, and with the primary responsibilities of protecting the United States and its territories (including protectorates) from and responding to terrorist attacks, man-made accidents, and natural disasters.271.United States Department of Veterans Affairsis a government-run military veteran benefit system with cabinet-level status. It is the United States government's second largest department, after the United States Department of Defense.272.unlike circumstances are presentA facilities and administrative cost (indirect cost) may be a direct cost if273.Untimely performanceUnder a federal contract, which of the following is a reason for termination for default?

274.Upon completion of a federal grant, excess funds remaining in the account should be :
a. returned to the sponsoring agency
b. transferred to another sponsored project
c. assigned to institution's general funds
d. included in proposal for an additional granta. returned to the sponsoring agency275.Upon receipt of awarded projects, educational institutions are required to establish?
a. credit card account for the investigator
b. combined accounts for easier investigator access
c. noninstitutional savings account for the investigators
d. individual accounts in an approved accounting systemd. individual accounts in an approved accounting system276.U.S. Department of Justice, under the False Claims ActWhich federal agency is responsible for prosecuting institutional violations of effort reporting277.U.S. Department of StateInternational Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) are controlled by the278.Using the criteria contained in 2 CFR 220 (OMB Circular A-21), which of the following costs would most likely be allowable as a direct expenditure item on a federal grant?
a. Costs of preparing the grant proposal
b. Break refreshments at a project-sponsored workshop
c. Facility rental for a project staff holiday party
d. An amount specifically set aside for unanticipated expensesb. Break refreshments at a project-sponsored workshop279.Varies with funding sourceFederal regulations require that documentation of expenditures must be kept for how long?280.verifiable from recordsCost sharing must be

281.A vivariumWhat is an area, usually enclosed, for keeping and raising animals or plants for observation or research282.What are allowable costsAre costs that can be legitimately charged to a grant. An award refers to those funds that have been obligated by a funding agency for a specific project.283.What are Research Administrators?Advocate, Facilitator, Gatekeeper, Reviewer, Enforcer, Motivator, Resource Locator, Interpreter,Team Builder,Compliance Manager284.What are the roles and responsibilities of the InstitutionExpedite hiring of staff and faculty to enable work to proceed from the start of the award; Assist departments, schools, the Office of Research, and the Office of Research Accounting to facilitate administrative tasks; Meet the terms and conditions of the sponsored award in collaboration with the Investigators;-Provide timely and accurate monthly accounting reports to Investigators285.What determines if Financial Interest is SignificantFunds received for investigator and spouse/children meets both the following tests: 1) does not exceed $5000 in value as determined through reference to public prices or other reasonable measures of market value 2) does not represent more than a 5% ownership interest in any single entities.286.What is a Commercial And Government Entity Code (CAGE) and its purposeis a unique identifier assigned to suppliers to various government or defense agencies, as well as to government agencies themselves and also various organizations. It provide a standardized method of identifying a given facility at a specific location.287.What is a Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS Number)?is a system developed and regulated by Dun & Bradstreet that assigns a unique numeric identifier to a single business entity. That number is a nine-digit number issued to each business location in the D&B database having a unique, separate, and distinct operation for the purpose of identifying them.288.What is a grant?A type of financial assistance awarded for the conduct of research and no substantial programmatic involvement with the recipient during the performance of the activities.289.What is an Invitation For Bid (IFB)?the method used for the sealed bid process. A contract is then awarded to the low bidder whose bid conforms with all requirements of the invitation and will be advantageous to the government in terms of price, and price-related factors

290.What is a Request for Proposal (RFP)?occurs when the agency isn't certain about what it wants and is looking to you to develop a solution and cost estimate.291.What is a Request for Quote (RFQ)is often used to determine current market pricing, but is not a binding offer and can't be accepted by the government. A Standard Form 26, which requires the signatures of both the contractor and the contracting officer, would be required to make the offer binding.292.What is a Student Visa?Generally, a citizen of a foreign country who wishes to enter the United States must first obtain a visa, either a nonimmigrant visa for temporary stay, or an immigrant visa for permanent residence. You must have a student visa to study in the United States. Your course of study and the type of school you plan to attend determine whether you need an F-1 visa (academic) or an M-1 visa (vocational).293.What is Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA)?is a government-wide compendium of an online database listing all available federal programs.294.What is debarment?removes you as a contractor from eligibility for future government contracts for a fixed period of time.295.What is Drug Free Work ForceDOD contractors must maintain records regarding drug-free work force programs provided to their employees. Also establishes a program testing for the use of illegal drugs by employees.296.What is effort reportingThe percentage of total employment devoted to a particular project, activity, administrative task297.What is Equal Employment Opportunity?provide equal opportunity without regard to race, color, religion, sex, or nationality to persons employed or seeking employment298.What is Fair Labor Standards Act?Enacted to establish a minimum hourly wage, overtime pay and regulate child labor299.What is Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) and who do they fall underimproves access to healthcare for people who are uninsured, isolated, or medically vulnerable and under DHHS.

300.What is Lobbyingthe act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in the government, most often legislators or members of regulatory agencies.301.What is Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR)?refers to the agency administered programs that are supported by ear-marked federal funds, making grants to small business entities302.What is Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR)?refers to the grant applications and/or programs for funding those small business that are teamed up with research institutions.303.What is suspension?temporarily debars a contractor for the duration of any agency investigation of the contractor or ensuing legal proceedings.304.What is the America COMPETES Act?America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education and Science- focuses on increasing research investment
Strengthens STEM Research (science, technology, engineering and math) from elementary through grad school.305.What is the Buy America Act?Establish a general preference for domestic articles, materials/supplies to protect the American worker by saving and creating jobs.306.What is the Byrd Amendment?Institution must certify that no appropriated funds were or will be expended to pay any person for influencing or attempting to influence an officer or an employee of any agency, a member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress in connection with a specific award.307.What is the Civil Rights Act?Bars recipients of federal funds from excluding persons because of race, sex, color, or national origin from participation in receiving benefits or otherwise subjecting them to discrimination under federally supported programs or activities. Law also interpreted to cover discrimination against those persons with limited English. Sex includes pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions.308.What is the Confidentiality of Patient Records?Enacted to protect persons with substance abuse problems who seek treatment.309.What is the Davis/Bacon ActRequires contractors to pay wages to laborers and mechanics at a rate of no less than a minimum wage specified in a wage determination made by the Secretary of Labor.

310.What is the Drug Free Workplace ActIt says you can't receive federal funding if you do not have a drug-free workplace policy in place311.What is the Endangered Species Act?species listed as endangered or threatened prohibits the unauthorized taking, possession, sale and transport of those species312.What is the Equal Pay Act?act prohibits employers and unions from paying different wages based on the employees sex313.What is the False Claims Act?Improper costing, product substitutions, failure to comply with contract specifications and filing false claims with government health care programs314.What is the percentage that all STTR budgets must matchAt least 40 percent of the STTR research project is to be conducted by the small business concern and at least 30 percent of the work is to be conducted by the single "partnering" research institution.315.What is the Ruth L. Kirschstein NSRA Award? Why is it importanttrain fellows and residents, and are used to promote the education of future researchers. She was a champion of research training and a strong advocate for the inclusion of underrepresented individuals in the scientific workforce316.What is the Solomon Act (Amendment)/ National Defense Authorization ActWhat United States federal law that allows the Secretary of Defense to deny federal grants (including research grants) to institutions of higher education if they prohibit or prevent ROTC or military recruitment on campus.317.What is use of name exceptionIt's an exception that agree that neither party will use directly or by implication names or trademarks of the other party in connection with any publicity, promotion or advertising without prior written approval.318.What is voluntary committed cost sharing?when the proposing institution volunteers and commits to bear a specific portion of the costs of the project when it is not required.319.What is voluntary uncommitted cost sharing?when the PI chooses to expend some unspecified amount of effort more than proposed towards the award. This is usually the case when the PI is not requesting salary from the award, and so is volunteering his/her effort.

320.When applying for extramural support, in which of the following ways should the PI address prior related support?
a. Prior intramural support should be ignored
b. Prior intramural support can be considered as an item of cost sharing in the budget narrative
c. Prior research related support should be considered unrelated in current grant request
d. Prior intramural support should be addressed in the narratived. Prior intramural support should be addressed in the narrative321.When a subaward is involved in a federal grant to a large university, on what portion of the subawardee's budget does the prime institution recover facilities and administrative costs (indirect costs)?
a. None of it
b. The first $25,000
c. The subawardee's modified total direct cost amount
d. The amount is excess of $25,000b. The first $25,000322.Whenever covered animals are involved in a protocolWhich of the following requires Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) review and approval governing the use of animals?323.When granted expanded authorities pre-award costs on a federal grant may be incurred by an institutional within
a MAXIMUM of how many days prior to the official start date:
a. 30 days
b. 45 days
c. 90 days
d. 120 daysc. 90 days

324.Which federal agency is responsible for prosecuting institutional violations of effort reporting?
a. U.S. Department of Justice, under the False Claims Act
b. Government Accountability Office, under the Code of Federal Regulations
c. Office of Management and Budget, under OMB Circular A-133 Audit Requirements
d. National Science Foundation Office of the Inspector General, under Congressional Oversight Authoritya. U.S. Dept of Justice, under the False Claims Act325.Which of the following agencies does NOT fund health science research?
a. U.S. Army
b. Department of Energy
c. National Institute of Aging
d. National Science Foundationd. National Science Foundation326.Which of the following agencies is responsible for administering the Animals Welfare Act?
a. Public Health Service
b. Department of Agriculture
c. Environmental Protection Agency
d. American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animalsb. Department of Agriculture327.Which of the following are two critical termination clauses of General Provisions of a federal contract:
a. Dispute and changes
b. Default and convenience
c. Default and stop work order
d. Stop work order and failure to confirmb. Default and convenience

328.Which of the following best describes 2 CFR 220 (OMB Circular A-21)?
a. Is applicable only to NSF and NIH
b. Allows federal agencies to places additional restrictions on individual items of costs
c. Deals with cost determination but does not identify the circumstances or dictate the participation in the financing of a project
d. Establishes principles for determining costs applicable to contracts, grants, and other agreements with both educational institutions and hospitalsc. Deals with cost determination but does not identify the circumstances or dictate the participation in the financing of a project329.Which of the following best describes federal regulations governing the use of humans in research?
a. Allow the researcher full discretion as to what to include in informed consent materials
b. Always require full informed consent on the subject or the subject's guardian
c. Allow the Institutional Review Board discretion in limited situations to approve protocols providing less than full informed consent
d. Waive full informed consent of the subject when the protocol is too complicated for an individual subject to understand the risksb. Always require full informed consent on the subject or the subject's guardian330.Which of the following delegates to grantee authorization of one year, no-cost extensions?
a. Expanded Authorities
b. Cost Accounting Standards
c. Public Law 106-107
d. Code of Federal Regulationsa. Expanded Authorities331.Which of the following establishes the actual facilities and administrative cost (indirect cost) rate for a subcontract?
a. Prime recipient's rate
b. Prime award agreement
c. Subcontractor's normal rate
d. Agreement between subcontractor and funding agencyc. Subcontractor's normal rate

332.Which of the following expenses would be include in the distribution base of modified total direct costs?
a. travel
b. equipment depreciation
c. sponsored programs office expenses
d. the portion of each subcontract in excess of $25,000b. equipment depreciation333.Which of the following information must be included in the notification by a federal officer to the contractor to terminate a contract for convenience?
a. Signature of program office
b. The effective date of the contract
c. A citation of the contract clause authorizing the termination
d. A specific statement defining the reason for the termination noticed. A specific statement defining the reason for the termination notice334.Which of the following involves a conflict of interest?
a. Faculty member owns and operates a business outside of university commitment
b. Faculty member consults with outside business in area of expertise
c. Faculty member supervises students employs them in university sponsored projects
d. Faculty member is a major stockholder in a for-profit company receiving a university contractd. Faculty member is a major stockholder in a for-profit company receiving a university contract335.Which of the following is a base for facilities and administrative costs (indirect costs)?
a. Subcontracts
b. Capital Equipment
c. Salaries and wages
d. Professional and outside servicesc. Salaries and wages336.Which of the following is a frequently used base for facilities and administrative costs (indirect cost) computations
a. Nonsalary costs
b. Capitalized equipment
c. Modified total direct cots
d. Total direct costs less pre-award costsc. Modified total direct cots

337.Which of the following is allowable as cost sharing?
a. Equipment donated at fair market value
b. Alcohol purchased for an allowable business dinner
c. A portion of the salary of the department head's secretary
d. Travel costs in excess of institutional per diema. Equipment donated at fair market value338.Which of the following is a primary purpose of a federal cooperative agreement?
a. To allow for flexible budgeting
b. To provide assistance with few restrictions
c. To enable solicitation by a Request of Proposal
d. To provide assistance with substantial involvement of federal agencyd. To provide assistance with substantial involvement of federal agency339.Which of the following is essential to a Clinical Hygiene Plan?
a. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) file
b. Monthly fire and safety drills
c. Public information program
d. Federal Food & Drug Administration inspectiona. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) file340.Which of the following is included in 2 CFR 215 (OMB Circular A-110)?
a. Audit requirements
b. Debarment and suspension rules
c. Federal contact requirements
d. Cost principles for nonprofitsb. Debarment and suspension rules341.Which of the following is located within the National Institutes of Health?
a. National Library of Medicine
b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
c. Food and Drug Administration
d. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Healtha. National Library of Medicine

342.Which of the following is mandated for the oversight of research involving recombinant DNA?
a. rDNA Committee
b. Biosafety Ethics Committee
c. Institutional Biosafety Committee
d. Institutional Biohazard Committeec. Institutional Biosafety Committee343.Which of the following is most important in developing a program of available support within a grantee institution?
a. Hiring of information specialist
b. Regular dissemination of funding opportunities
c. Development of subject-related database
d. Establishment of potential investigator fileb. Regular dissemination of funding opportunities344.Which of the following is responsible for clinical trail registration of Clinical Trials.gov?
a. Sponsor
b. Institution
c. Sponsored research office
d. Institutional Review Board (IRB)a. Sponsor345.Which of the following populations has special protection as research participates under federal guidelines?
a. Elderly
b. Prisoners
c. College Students
d. Persons diagnosed as HIV positiveb. Prisoners346.Which of the following requires Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) review and approval governing the use of animals?
a. When any animal is used
b. Only when laboratory animals are used in instruction
c. Whenever covered animals are involved in a protocol
d. Only if a protocol involve sacrificing animalsc. Whenever covered animals are involved in a protocol347.Which of the following sources in NOT commonly used for FEDERAL funding opportunites:
a. The Federal Register
b. The Foundation Directory
c. Commerce Business Daily
d. The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistanceb. The Foundation Directory

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• Clinical Trials Assistant Training - Provides foundational knowledge for those starting in clinical trials.

• Advanced Clinical Research Project Manager Certification - For experienced professionals aiming for project management roles.

• Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification - Tailored for physicians leading clinical trials.

• Medical Monitor Certification - Designed for those overseeing the medical aspects of clinical trials.

Discover more from Clinical Research Training | Certified Clinical Research Professionals Course

2018 Clinical Research Associate (CRA) Salaries Estimated from 1,850 American Employees

Skills Alliance Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

Clinical Research Associate Job available - CRA Course

$113,368 per year

Advanced Clinical Clinical Research Associate

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$107,750 per year

Syneos Health Commercial Solutions Clinical Research Associate

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$98,894 per year

Piper Companies Clinical Research Associate

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$101,820 per year

Novella Clinical Clinical Research Associate

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$97,659 per year

Covance Clinical Research Associate

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$96,667 per year

Premier Research Clinical Research Associate

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$95,178 per year

Syneos Health Clinical Clinical Research Associate

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$93,469 per year

PRA Health Sciences Clinical Research Associate

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$76,150 per year

Novo Nordisk, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$95,242 per year

PPD Clinical Research Associate

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$91,293 per year

IQVIA Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$89,615 per year

Cyberonics Clinical Research Associate

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$87,000 per year

AbbVie Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$81,391 per year

ICON plc Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$79,110 per year

PAREXEL Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

Requires CCRP Online CRA Training Program Certification (Completed in 4 Weeks; you can apply 2 weeks into the course).

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$81,281 per year

QuintilesIMS Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

11 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$72,749 per year

MD Anderson Cancer Center Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

7 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$71,410 per year

Chiltern International Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

5 salaries

$87,722 per year

Pharmanet Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

5 salaries

$72,488 per year

Roche Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

5 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$71,586 per year

University of Florida Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

11 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$69,492 per year

Department of Veterans Affairs Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

6 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$66,274 per year

Abbott Laboratories Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

6 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$66,095 per year

University of Utah Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

19 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$66,775 per year

University of Minnesota Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

8 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$64,600 per year

University of Connecticut Health Center Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

8 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$58,321 per year

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

6 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$56,315 per year

Northwestern University Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

6 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$54,342 per year

Duke Clinical Research Institute Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

5 salaries

$73,447 per year

Emory University Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

5 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available - CRA Course

$50,778 per year

Medpace Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$50,958 per year

University of South Florida Clinical Research Associate

20 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$50,810 per year

The University of Iowa Clinical Research Associate

26 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$43,547 per year

Yale University Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$40,378 per year

University of Maryland, Baltimore Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$39,818 per year

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$38,402 per year

University of North Carolina at Greensboro Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$38,475 per year

Virginia Commonwealth University Clinical Research Associate

19 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$36,453 per year

University of North Carolina Clinical Research Associate

15 salaries

$36,955 per year

University of Pittsburgh Clinical Research Associate

13 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$33,878 per year

SUNY Downstate Medical Center Clinical Research Associate

9 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$33,343 per year

Washington University in St. Louis Clinical Research Associate

18 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$15.75 per hour

UC San Diego Clinical Research Associate

19 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$4,353 per month

University of California - San Francisco Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$100 per day

Real Staffing Clinical Research Associate

15 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$31.95 per hour

University of Nebraska Medical Center Clinical Research Associate

12 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$15.81 per hour

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$3,609 per month

Aerotek Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

$47.68 per hour

Randstad Clinical Research Associate

35 salaries

$45.90 per hour

Ohio State University Clinical Research Associate

124 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$14.49 per hour

University of Kentucky Clinical Research Associate

59 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$21.63 per hour

Biotech Partners Clinical Research Associate

12 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$111,431 per year

DOCS Global Clinical Research Associate

14 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$90,856 per year

CyberCoders Clinical Research Associate

28 salaries

$88,409 per year

Zp group Clinical Research Associate

18 salaries

$98,008 per year

CIG Clinical Research Associate

109 salaries

$116,784 per year

CorTech, LLC Clinical Research Associate

40 salaries

$38.91 per hour

Skills Alliance (Recruiting Company) Clinical Research Associate

12 salaries

$71.01 per hour

InfoStaff Clinical Research Associate

52 salaries

$109,699 per year

Stony Brook University Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$39,254 per year

Brio Resource Group Clinical Research Associate

46 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$129,987 per year

Planet Pharma Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$117,458 per year

biorasi LLC Clinical Research Associate

18 salaries

$63,702 per year

Intermountain Home Care Clinical Research Associate

11 salaries

$15.55 per hour

Piper Clinical Solutions Clinical Research Associate

16 salaries

$64,853 per year

Personify Clinical Research Associate

36 salaries

$99,373 per year

Segal Trials Clinical Research Associate

24 salaries

$2,195 per month

Bertram & Associates Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$116,417 per year

Lodestar Executive Search Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$116,417 per year

PSU Personnel Services Unlimited, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

The Hastings Group Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$116,417 per year

Ploeger Recruiting Services Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

Phillips Staffing Solutions Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

PMG Employment Consultants Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$116,417 per year

Bio-Partners Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$116,417 per year

Hire Horizons Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

SearchStars Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

Fowler Placement Services, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

Plastic Executive Recruiters Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

EPM Scientific Clinical Research Associate

13 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$98,268 per year

Barrington James Clinical Research Associate

12 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$124,820 per year

MedExec International Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

Tri-Force Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$116,417 per year

Professional Recruiting Partners, LLC Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$116,417 per year

Career Brokers, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

Helffrich International Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

Tailored Management Clinical Research Associate

10 salaries

$79,138 per year

MJ Recruiters, LLC Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

Meet Recruitment Clinical Research Associate

12 salaries

$102,820 per year

University of Virginia Clinical Research Associate

16 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$44,455 per year

Medical University of South Carolina Clinical Research Associate

20 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$32,233 per year

Oregon Health Sciences University Clinical Research Associate

17 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$43,176 per year

AutoPro Technical Recruiting Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

MMS Group Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

ONESource Technical Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

Technology Recruiting Solutions, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

BRUNEL CANADA Clinical Research Associate

20 salaries

$83,573 per year

Affinity Executive Search Clinical Research Associate

20 salaries

$111,284 per year

PPD Development, L.P. Clinical Research Associate

11 salaries

$92,737 per year

HireNetworks Clinical Research Associate

12 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$94,478 per year

CMC Limited Clinical Research Associate

13 salaries

$111,719 per year

CMD And Associates Clinical Research Associate

17 salaries

$97,982 per year

fulltimeGiGS Clinical Research Associate

10 salaries

$120,496 per year

Cameron Craig Group Clinical Research Associate

17 salaries

$88,715 per year

Prevalent Group Clinical Research Associate

17 salaries

$95,522 per year

True North Consultants Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

Financially Stable Pharmaceutical Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

$112,472 per year

JDP Search Group Clinical Research Associate

16 salaries

$99,326 per year

PeopleStaff Clinical Research Associate

15 salaries

$84,270 per year

Clinical Management Consultants Clinical Research Associate

9 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$115,881 per year

JOHNLEONARD Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$61,509 per year

Rangam Consultants Inc. Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$72,617 per year

Keshav Consulting Solutions Clinical Research Associate

13 salaries

$60,670 per year

Onboard.jobs Clinical Research Associate

15 salaries

$94,156 per year

Cor-Tech LLC Clinical Research Associate

15 salaries

$42.97 per hour

Klinexa Inc. Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

$25.00 per hour

Systematic business consulting Clinical Research Associate

13 salaries

$88,299 per year

University of Miami Miller School of Med Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

$74,809 per year

Global Channel Management, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

12 salaries

$41.26 per hour

Productive Data Solutions, INC. Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$27.00 per hour

Selective Staffing Solutions Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$19.49 per hour

Atlanta Center for Medical Research Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$33,642 per year

DOCS Clinical Research Associate

10 salaries

$78.22 per hour

Impact Business Group Clinical Research Associate

12 salaries

$54.45 per hour

CPS Recruitment Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$28.46 per hour

SCOPE International USA, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

11 salaries

$80,886 per year

Interview with Center for Advanced Obstetrical Care and Research Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

$17.00 per hour

Inflamax Research Inc. Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$2,900 per month

Priority Sales Recruiting Clinical Research Associate

11 salaries

$108,226 per year

University of Texas Medical Branch Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$16.50 per hour

Eastern Virginia Medical School Clinical Research Associate

10 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$82,730 per year

Computech Corporation Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$45.00 per hour

Details on application Clinical Research Associate

9 salaries

$205,058 per year

BK Rich Associates Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$90,000 per year

Central Florida Careers Clinical Research Associate

9 salaries

$16.93 per hour

Chipton Ross Clinical Research Associate

10 salaries

$34.37 per hour

AppleOne Clinical Research Associate

10 salaries

$75,534 per year

Sabio Systems Clinical Research Associate

9 salaries

$19.90 per hour

Blair Search Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$116,417 per year

Sponsor Pharmaceutical company Clinical Research Associate

9 salaries

$110,000 per year

Helix Biomedics LLC Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$12.00 per hour

Ability Professional Network Clinical Research Associate

9 salaries

$95,663 per year

Leading CRO Company!! Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$99,504 per year

The Pursell Group Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$116,417 per year

PeaceHealth Clinical Research Associate

9 salaries

$35.36 per hour

new england physician recruitment center-boston Clinical Research Associate

9 salaries

$180,000 per year

MBA IT Consulting Services, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$116,417 per year

Food Management Search Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$116,417 per year

Pharmaceutical Organization Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

$246,884 per year

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center of El Paso Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$15.64 per hour

University of Wisconsin–Madison Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$40,257 per year

Careers 2005 Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

Taylee Staffing Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

$102,227 per year

Rayco Technical Solutions, LLC Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

Nishom Pharma Corp Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$70,000 per year

The Research Foundation for The State University of New York at Stony Brook Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$57,250 per year

Real Life Sciences Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$117,035 per year

Inflamax Research Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$2,900 per month

Aptude Inc. Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$20.00 per hour

Virginia Commonwealth University Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$36,729 per year

Scientific Search Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$85,322 per year

ER Squared, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$50,000 per year

Valesta Clinical Research Solutions Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$65,000 per year

On-Board Services Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$38.67 per hour

Military4Hire Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

SSC Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

$115,000 per year

Enterprise Search Associates Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

The Fountain Group Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

$135,000 per year

VetPharm, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

8 salaries

$47,500 per year

Pioneer Data Systems, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$50.00 per hour

The University of Michigan Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$60,183 per year

North Peak Recruiting Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

MedicusTek USA, Inc Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$42,000 per year

Genesis Global Management Corporation Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$105,971 per year

Quality Clincial Research Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$28,802 per year

The Job Jobber Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$88,043 per year

IMARC Research, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$15.52 per hour

PHAIDON INTERNATIONAL Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$109,198 per year

Experis Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$38.63 per hour

Sunrise Systems Clinical Research Associate

7 salaries

$29.69 per hour

Small Niche CRO! Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$88,364 per year

University of Toledo Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$66,079 per year

Resource Employment Solutions Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$24.04 per hour

RELODE Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$5,000 per month

Painter & Associates Personnel Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$104,485 per year

Provident Research Inc Clinical Research Associate

6 salaries

$113,374 per year

RBW Consulting Solutions Ltd Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$109,280 per year

ParkPower Corporation Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$120,496 per year

Acara Solutions Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$19.80 per hour

Essentia Health Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$16.73 per hour

New York State Psychiatry Institute Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$45,068 per year

BRIDGEWAY COMMERCE GROUP Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$120,496 per year

NuWest Group Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$16.43 per hour

Pharmaceutical Clients Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$30.00 per hour

Byrnes and Rupkey, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$120,496 per year

Cap & Sol Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$50.00 per hour

RCTS, Inc Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$13.15 per hour

All US Jobs Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$120,000 per year

The DAVIS Companies Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$25.00 per hour

JGB BioPharma Consulting Inc. Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$112,945 per year

Advanced Technology Solutions Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$43.55 per hour

Worldwide Clinical Trials Holdings, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$109,545 per year

Private Practice Leadership, LLC Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$15.71 per hour

Team1Medical Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$33,786 per year

ZEISS Group Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$48.00 per hour

Worldwide Placement Limited Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$90,000 per year

Pharmaceutical Research Associates, Inc. Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$76,530 per year

Healthcare Recruiters International Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$62,430 per year

Bridgeway Professionals Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$120,496 per year

i-Pharm Consulting Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

Clinical Research Associate Job available

$94,767 per year

Collaborative Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$39.65 per hour

The Veritas Healthcare Solutions LLC Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$78,850 per year

Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$43,399 per year

Piper Enterprise Solutions Clinical Research Associate

5 salaries

$111,929 per year

Groupware Solutions Clinical Research Associate - CRA Course

5 salaries

$30.00 per hour

Take courses from CCRPS and learn more on how to become a clinical research professional.

Discover more from Clinical Research Training | Certified Clinical Research Professionals Course

How much is a Clinical Research Coordinator’s salary?

Clinical research coordinators have the responsibility to oversee all daily activities of staff that are given the responsibility to conduct research. They have to do their work alongside principal investigators so as to make a determination of whether the study being conducted is viable or not. They also have to workout the budget at hand. They also need to make a review of all research protocols, making sure that all the test subjects know the protocols. They help in carrying out the research.

For those interested in this vital role, gaining a comprehensive understanding through a course such as the Clinical Research Coordinator course can be immensely beneficial.

The Salary

When a clinical research coordinator is experienced, pay has quite an encouraging trend. If a clinicalresearch coordinator is a new entrant that has experience of less than five years, they earn a salary of around 43,000 dollars. This total is an average, according to salaries that were given by different anonymous users.

Usually, the compensation includes overtime payment, bonus payments, and even tips. In the mid of their careers, clinical research coordinators have experience of 5 to 10 years and they can expect a compensation of around 51,000 dollars. This is also an average that is based on different salaries submitted.

There is also the category of clinical research coordinators who have over 20 years’ experience in the field. For these professionals, the compensation is an average of 62,000 dollars and this is based on salaries submitted.

Clinical research coordinator salary by location

It is important to appreciate that different locations have different salary variations. There are some areas that pay more than the average, while others may pay less. If this is a career that you are willing to pursue, it is best that you find out as much as you can about the salary expected within your area. This information can help you negotiate for the best compensation for services rendered.

Additionally, enhancing your credentials with specialized training, such as the Advanced Clinical Research Project Manager Certification or Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification, can further strengthen your career prospects.

How to Become a CRA in Canada: Clinical Research Associate Certification

How to Become a CRA in Canada

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1. How to Get A Clinical Research Associate Certificate Online in Canada

CCRPS offers Canadian CRA certification for students living and working in Canada. A CRA certification in Canada provides students with additional knowledge of resources and guidelines in order to work in clinical research.

Our certification specifically state and prove that you have reviewed Canadian guidelines in clinical research and meet the competencies required for all clinical research associates.While our certificate is accredited by the ACCRE, 4 other organisations, and shows employers you have the working knowledge to act as a CRA; the CRAC credentialing exam will help further establish your professionalism. If you already have experience as a clinical research associate, you can use this course to prepare and sit for the CRAC examination.

In order to become a certified Canadian CRA, you must take the CRAC credentialing examination. To sit for the examination, you must fulfill one of these requirements:

• 2 years of clinical research expereience within the last 5 years

• 3,500 hrs of part time experience with at least 1 year of Canadian experience within the last 5 years

• A post-graduate certificate in clinical research and at least 1 years’ experience over the past 2 years in clinical research. You must have at least 1 year of Canadian experience.

2. Clinical Research Associate Canada (CRAC) Membership

While CCRPS membership is free, you still benefit from obtaining CRAC membership even if you do not have enough experience to sit for the CRAC credentialing exam. Membership can create networking and job opportunities, as well as provide insight into the field. All interested professionals should become a Member of the Official Canadian CRA Association and list this involvement on their CV and cover letter.

3. CCRPS Canadian CRA Certification (CCRAC) for Resume Building

As we teach nearly 30 Canadian students each quarter, our Canadian Clinical Research Associate Certification will allow students to strengthen their application and resume, specifically towards Canadian guidelines and policies.

4. Landing A Entry Level Clinical Research Associate Job in Canada

Unfortunately, many professionals have trouble securing a job in order to get experience and take the CRAC exam. Our certification, specifically created for Canadian CRAs, provides entry-level science professionals with all the resources they need to be a working CRA in Canada. Our online exam can be taken at any time, if you enroll or demo our course.

5. Clinical Research Associate Programs in Canada

In addition to providing 130 modules, our CRA certification exam is priced affordably and the same as our American students. Students can gain valuable work experience by applying to be one of our CCRPS Clinical Research Education Fellows for a 1 month remote internship to develop and strengthen your resume.

6. Salary of Canadian Clinical Research Associate

Payscale Canadian CRA Salary

Payscale Canadian Pay Difference CRA

Clinical Research Certification Specifically for Canadian CRAs

CCRPS offers one of the only online certifications specifically designed for entry-level and mid-level professionals in clinical research associate knowledge. We prepare you to understand and apply all skills required to secure a job in clinical research.

Canadian Clinical Research Associate Certificate Course Preview

Want to Learn More About Clinical Research?

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Take courses from CCRPS and learn more on how to become a clinical research professional.

Discover more from Clinical Research Training | Certified Clinical Research Professionals Course

• Clinical Research Coordinator

• Pharmacovigilance Certification

• ICH-GCP

• Advanced Clinical Research Project Manager Certification

• Advanced Principal Investigator Physician Certification

• Medical Monitor Certification

Discover more from Clinical Research Training | Certified Clinical Research Professionals Course